Archive for the year 2009

The Dative Case

Posted on 30. Dec, 2009 by in Hindi Language

When an object is transferred to someone or for someone, the receiver of the object will be in the dative case.

Here are some examples:

I gave him the ball : मैंने उसको गेंद दी 

You brought food for me : आप मेरे लिए खाना लाए

Ramesh sings for you : रमेश आपके लिए गाती है

We gave them a letter (we gave a letter to them) : हमने उसको पत्र दिया

They cooked food for us : उन्होंने हमारे लिए खाना बनाया

In the sentences above, को = to. के लिए = for.

To be more exact, the dative of a sentence like this ”I give money to the woman” is ”to the woman”. 

The dative also has a contracted form as well.

For example, “to me” is मुझको but a contracted form of this is मुझे

“to us” is हमको and the contracted form is हमें

“to you” familar तुमको, contracted form = तुम्हें

“to you” polite आपको no contracted form of आपको 

 ”to him, her” उसको, contracted form = उसे

“to them” उनको, contracted form = उन्हें

Here’s an example of a sentence using a contracted form:

We gave money to him : हमने उसे पैसे दिए

Hinglish

Posted on 27. Dec, 2009 by in Hindi Language

Hinglish is a term used to describe the mixing of Hindi and English words in one sentence. In India, you’ll hear some quirky English phrases that have formed from the grammar and syntax of Hindi. Some of these phrases are also idomatic, and you might at first have to ponder the meanings of these phrases. You might be surprised to know that certain outdated phrases like, “Please do the needful” (meaning, “Please do what is necessary” from colonial British English) is still used in India. Take a look at some of the phrases below. (As a tourist in India, they may be very helpful.) Perhaps you’ve heard of some of them?

“She’s right, ah?” used in Southern India to mean, “She’s right, no?” (the ah is replaced with no)

“Where are you put up?” used in Southern India to mean, “Where do you live?”

“What is good name?” means “What is your full name?” (may hear this at the police station, at the airport)

“Tell me” when used on the phone may mean, “What can I do for you?” or “How can I help you?”

“I don’t take meat” means “I don’t eat meat”

“Hotel” can mean “restaurant” and a “lodge” can mean a “hotel

“Where are you getting down?” means, “Where are you getting off?” especially used at a train station

चल” can be used as the word “okay” like in the sentence, “चल (okay) I have to sleep now”

“Kindly” may be used instead of “please” like in this sentence, “Kindly (please) sit down”

“Curd” is used to mean “Yogurt”

The use of “slow” and “soft” may be switched. If you say “Drive slower” to a taxi driver, he may think you meant “Drive softer” as in “Don’t don’t drive on the bumpy side of the road”

The use of “wala” after an occupation like, “The bus wala was late”

“pass out” may mean “to have graduated from college”

“upgradation” means to “update” and “upgrade”

ऊफ़” is an interjection used to show frustration or anger like here, “ऊफ़, the taxi driver overcharged me”

The Active and Passive Voice

Posted on 24. Dec, 2009 by in Hindi Language

The instrumental case can also be used to convert a speech from an active voice to a passive voice. In the active voice, the subject performs the verb. In the passive voice the verb is performed on the object by or through the subject. The subject acts as a king of instrument.

Here are some examples:

You drink tea: आप चाय पीते हैं (active)

Tea is drunk by you: चाय आपसे पी जाती है (passive)

She reads a book: वह किताब पढ़ती है (active)

The gets read by her: किताब उसके द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है (passive)

He wrote the letter: उसने खत लिखा (active)

The letter was written by him: खत उससे लिखा गया (passive)

I ate a mango: मैंने आम खाया (active)

A mango was eaten by me: आम मुझसे खाया गया था (passive)

You drink: आप पीते हैं (active)

It is drunk by you: आपके द्वारा पीया जाता है (passive)

Raam killed Raavana: रामने रावण को मारा (active)

Raavana was killed by Raam: रावण रामके द्वारा मारा गया था (passive)

Here’s a mini quiz: which is passive? active? 

 उससे आईना टूट गया (The mirror was broken by her)

उसने उमा से कहा कि… (He told Uma that…)