Nam Gyeu (남계우) was a Korean painter from 1811 to 1888. He devoted his life to painting butterflies, so much so that his nickname was Nam Nabi (남나비) or ‘Butterfly Nam’. I personally love Nam Gyeu’s paintings because his paintings are always beautiful and graceful, and include butterflies innocently fluttering their wings while they hover around brightly colored flowers. Nam Gyeu is the master of painting butterflies. No one can paint them like he did, as the painting below shows.

How many butterflies can you spot in the painting on the left? There are five. Two are on towards the lower left side and three are towards the top. The two butterflies on the bottom may not have caught your attention because of the faded colors of their wings. That’s because Nam Gyeu intended the viewer’s eyes to look towards the upper part of the painting where the black and yellow butterflies are. There is so much detail and brush stroke in this painting. You can especially see it in the petals of the pink flowers.

One of the reasons why Nam Gyeu was obsessed with butterflies was because butterflies symbolized harmony in traditional Korean culture. If you look at Nam Gyeu’s paintings, the butterflies are always in a harmonious relationship with the flowers and shrubs in the painting. None of Nam Gyeu’s depiction of butterflies are ever attacked or eaten by predators. It’s as if his butterflies live in a celestial world where they live forever and are always beautiful.

This next painting was a part of a byeungpoong (병풍) or ‘folding screen’. A traditional folding screen contains several panels of hand drawn paintings that are placed behind the seat of the sitter. Can you imagine what this folding screen would have looked like in the mid 19^th century? It would have drawn the viewer’s eyes upward, toward the sky where the prominent colored butterflies are. In Nam Gyeu’s perfect world, butterflies and humans never aged and lived in harmony with nature.

In a way Nam Gyeu allows viewers to attain immorality by imagining such a world, even if it’s only for a second.

Sometimes you just get a craving for something light, refreshing but yet filling. Korean cold noodle is just the thing to satisfy that craving. One type of Korean cold noodle is Naengmyeon (냉면). Naengmyeon can be served with a cold broth, in which case the dish will be called Mul naengmyeon (물냉면). Mul naengmyeon is made from a broth made from chicken or beef. Usually mul naengmyeon is garnished with sliced cucumbers and a boiled egg.

Another type of naengmyeon is called bibim naengmyeon (비빔냉면). Bibim naengmyeon is a type of cold noodle without a broth. It’s basically just gochujang (고추장) or red chili paste, and noodles mixed together. Bibim naengmyeon is usually spicier than mul naengmyeon. Sliced cucumbers, a boiled egg cut in half are used to garnish the noodles. Sometimes some sesame seeds are added. Some people optionally add a little vinegar as well.

If you like a little seafood in your naengmyeon, then you’ll like Hoe naengmyeon (회냉면). Hoe naengmyeon is from the city of Hamhung (함흥) in North Korea. Hoe naengmyeon is a type of naengmyeon using raw fish. The fish is marinated with gochujang, seasame oil, vinegar and sugar. The noodles are made from potato starch, which is different from the buckwheat noodles usually made for mul naengmyeon.

Pyeongyang naengmyeon (평양녕면) is also a cold noodle dish that originated from North Korea. The broth of Pyeongyang naengmyeon is made from beef and dongchimi (동치미). Dongchimi is a cabbage, raddish, ginger, pear, spring onion, green chili type of watery kimchi popular in North Korea. Sometimes people add mustard oil to the broth to add some tangy flavor to the broth. Pyeongyang naengmyeon is usually garnished with radish and beef slices with a hard boiled egg.

There’s another type of naengmyeon called Yeolmu naengmyeon (열무냉면). Yeolmu naengmyeon is a variety of naengmyeon garnished with yeolmu kimchi (열부김치), a hard boiled egg, and sliced cucumbers. The yeolmu kimchi is a type of kimchi using only the leaves and stalks of a radish. The yeolmu kimchi contains a bit of hot pepper paste so this variety of naengmyeon can be slightly spicy. That’s why some people prefer to add ice to this cold noodle dish.

There’s an old Korean children’s song called 학교종, which means ‘school bell’. It’s a song about teaching kids that when the school bell rings, it’s time to start class. Korean people take their children’s education seriously. Although the song is sweet, cute and short enough for kids to remember, there’s a serious message underlying the song.

학교종이 땡땡땡 (hakgyojongi ddengddengddeng)

The school bell rings, rings, rings

어서 모이자 (uhsuh moija)

Let’s hurry and gather

선생님이 우리를 (suhnsengnimi oorirul)

For us the teacher is…

기다리신다 (gidarishnda)

Waiting

학교종이 땡땡땡 (hakgyojongi ddengddengddeng)

The school bell rings, rings, rings

어서 모이자 (uhsuh moija)

Let’s hurry and gather

사이좋게 오늘도 (saijoke onuldo)

Once more today, let’s get along

공부 잘하자 (gongboo jalhaja)

Let’s study well