Spanish Language Blog
Menu
Search

El oso pardo ibérico Posted by on Apr 8, 2011 in Spanish Culture

¿Qué dibujos animados veíais de pequeños? Mis favoritos tenían como protagonistas a dos osos en un parque llamado Jellystone. ¿Sabéis de quiénes os hablo? ¡Del oso Yogui y su inseparable amigo BuBu! Quizá por eso siempre me pareció nuestro oso pardo un animal entrañable.

El oso pardo es el animal más grande de la fauna ibérica. Es la variedad de oso más pequeña del mundo, pero aun así pueden alcanzar los 180 kg de peso. Se caracteriza por un tupido pelaje, una altura de aproximadamente un metro, y unos dos metros de largura desde su gran cabeza hasta su pequeña cola.

Aunque siglos atrás poblaba todo el continente europeo, hoy día es una especie en gran peligro de extinción debido obviamente a la acción humana. La destrucción de su hábitat natural, la humanización de su territorio, la muerte por “disparos accidentales”, (ya que está prohibida su caza), los incendios, hacen que su situación sea de suma gravedad. En España quedan tres poblaciones de osos pardos, repartidos entre la cordillera cantábrica y los Pirineos, con un reducido número de ejemplares: apenas llegan a un centenar.

A pesar de la ferocidad que se les atribuye por su fuerza y tamaño, no son grandes depredadores. En realidad son criaturas más herbívoras que carnívoras, y es su dieta a base de frutos y tallos la que marca sus costumbres. Incluso el periodo de hibernación coincide con la época de escasez de alimentos. Normalmente duermen sobre pequeños habitáculos que escarban, y recubren con hojas y hierba, o en los huecos de los árboles, excepto en invierno, que buscan el abrigo de las cuevas. No suelen acercarse a núcleos urbanos, y solo hacen frente si se sienten amenazados, aunque rara vez culminan su ataque. Animal plantígrado, (apoya todo el pie al caminar, igual que el ser humano), es este uno de los pocos animales que puede mantenerse sobre sus dos patas, lo que usan tanto para conseguir su almuerzo como para asustar a posibles rivales. La que sí es bien merecida fama es la de golosos, ya que no pueden resistirse a un buen panal de miel, o un prado en el que encuentren sabrosas bayas.

Solitario por naturaleza, el oso establece una pasajera relación durante la época de celo y reproducción. Durante estos meses, puede verse a la pareja jugar, pelear o incluso hacer la siesta juntos. Cuando ya hay bebé oso en camino, el macho busca nueva compañera. El periodo de gestación dura entre 8 y 10 semanas, y el cachorro nacerá durante el periodo de hibernación de la madre. Las camadas son entre 1 y 3, lo que unido a la escasez de hembras hace que sea complicado que el número de osos aumente. El osezno permanecerá junto a la madre hasta su segundo año de vida, momento en que empezará su vida en solitario.

Y esto es todo por hoy. Seguiremos hablando en siguientes posts sobre más especies que, por desgracia, están en grave peligro. Quizá dándolos un poquito más a conocer podamos ayudar a su conservación.

¿

What cartoons did you watch when you were little? My favorite ones had as main characters two bears living in Jellystone Park. Do you know who I’m talking about? Yogui bear and its inseparable friend Bubu! That must be the reason why I always saw our brown bear as a very endearing animal.

The brown bear is the biggest animal of the Iberian fauna. It is the world’s smallest variety of bear, but it can still weigh up to 180 kg. It is characterized by a thick fur coat, it can be approximately one meter tall , and two meters long from its great head to its short tail.

Although several centuries ago it inhabited the whole European continent, today it is an endangered species, as an obvious result of  human action. The destruction of its natural habitat, the humanization of its territory, the death toll from “accidental shots”, (its hunting is prohibited), wood fires, etc., put them in a situation of great danger. In Spain there remain three populations of brown bears, distributed between the Cantabrian Range and the Pyrinees, with a limited number of specimens: there are scarcely one hundred left.

In spite of the ferocity we asume them to have because of their strength and size, they are not big predators. Actually, they are more herbivorous creatures than carnivorous, and it is their diet based on fruits and stems that defines their habits. Even the period of hibernation coincides with the time of food shortage. They normally sleep in a small dweling they scratch themselves, and cover with leaves and grass, or inside tree hollows, except in winter, when they look for the shelter of caves. They are not in the habit of approaching urban centers, and they only confront humans if they feel threatened, though they rarely carry out their attack. A plantigrade animal, (it leans on whole plant when walking, as human beings do), it is one of the few animals that can support themselves on their hind legs, something they use to feed from trees as well as to scare potential rivals. Their reputation for having a sweet-tooth is well deserved, as they cannot resist a good honeycomb, or a meadow where they can find tasty berries.

Solitary by nature, bears establish temporary relationships during the rut time and reproduction. Through these months, you can see  couples playing, fighting, or even having a siesta together. When there is a baby on the way, the male looks for a new companion. The gestation period lasts between 8 and 10 weeks, and the cub will be born during the mother’s hibernation period. Litters are between 1 and 3 only, and this, together with the lack of female bears, makes it harder for their numbers to increase. The cub will remain with its mother until its second year of life, when it will begin its independent life.

And this is all for today. We will continue talking in the following posts about more species that unfortunately are in serious danger. Maybe by raising awareness we can contribute to their preservation.

Tags: ,
Keep learning Spanish with us!

Build vocabulary, practice pronunciation, and more with Transparent Language Online. Available anytime, anywhere, on any device.

Try it Free Find it at your Library
Share this:
Pin it

About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!


Comments:

  1. oowi:

    espero que el comentario sea en castellano