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Spanish lexicon. Latin origin of words and expressions Posted by on Aug 23, 2012 in Learning, Spanish Vocabulary, Uncategorized

Al igual toda lengua, el español ha sido siempre influenciado por todas las culturas con las que ha convivido a lo largo de los siglos. Me gustaría repasar algunas de ellas, ya que son palabras muy integradas en nuestro idioma.

El español es una lengua romance que procede del latín, así que su herencia de esta lengua es bastante elevada. Existen diversas categorías, que vamos a mencionar brevemente:

– Palabras patrimoniales, procedentes del latín vulgar, que ha sufrido las transformaciones fonéticas y morfológicas propias del español, y siguen vivas hoy día desde la época romana. Tal es el caso de populus (pueblo),  o miraculum (milagro).

Cultismos, palabras que se incorporaron a nuestro idioma durante la edad Media, y han sufrido leves cambios fonéticos para adaptarse al español. Suelen ser palabras asociadas a las artes y las ciencias: nauticus (náutico), legitimus ( legítimo) optimus (óptimo).

– Otro ejemplo son los dobletes, o sea, dos palabras actuales, una culta y otra más común, que han evolucionado de un mismo vocablo latino:

de parabola:  palabra y parábola

de fabulam:  habla y fábula.

Latinismos, o sea, palabras y expresiones tomadas directamente del latín, y que no han sufrido modificación alguna. Son comunes los sintagmas formados por una preposición y un sustantivo, o dos sustantivos juntos:

Ex professo:  a propósito

In situ:  en el mismo lugar

Ipso facto:  en el mismo momento

Estoy segura de que todas estas palabras y expresiones las habríais reconocido como latinas sin problema. ¿Pero también conocíais el origen latino de agenda, alias, libido, placebo y caries? ¿Y quién puede decirme qué significan las siguientes expresiones, y como se dicen en vuestro idioma?

peccata minuta
vox pópuli,
motu proprio
grosso modo
córpore insepulto

Spanish lexicon. Origin of words and expressions

As any other language, Spanish has always been influenced by all the cultures it has coexisted throughout the centuries with. I would like to go through some of them, because they are words very integrated in our language.

Spanish is a Romance language that comes from the Latin, so its inheritance of this language is very large. There are several categories, which we are going to mention briefly:

Patrimonial words, proceeding from the common Latin, which have suffered the phonetic and morphologic transformations into Spanish, and they are still alive from the Roman time. Such it is the case of populus (people), or miraculum (miracle).

Learned words (similar to the English inkhorn terms in some cases), words that joined to our language during the Middle Ages, and which have suffered slight phonetic changes to adapt themselves to Spanish. They are words usually associated with the arts and sciences:  nauticus (nautical), legitimus ( legítimo) optimus (òptimo)

– Another example are the cognates, that is to say, two current words, one more learned and one more common, which have evolved of the same Latin word:

from parabola: word and parable

From fabulam: speech and fable.

Latinisms, words and expressions taken directly from Latin, and that have not suffered any modification. They are commonly the phrases formed by a preposition and a noun, or two nouns:

Ex-professo: on purpose

In situ:  in the same place

Ipso facto: at the same moment

I am sure you would have recognized all these words and expressions as Latin without any problem. But did you also know the Latin origin of agenda, alias, libido, placebo and caries? And who can tell me the meaning of the following expressions, and how are they told in your language?

peccata minuta
vox pópuli,
motu proprio
grosso modo
córpore insepulto

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About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!


Comments:

  1. andreas:

    ¡Hola, Magda!
    ¡Cómo me gusta filología española! Por eso ahora estoy leyendo, muy lentamente, para aprenderla mejor ‘Historia de la lengua española’ de Rafael Lapesa.
    Andreas

    • Magda:

      @andreas Buena lectura Andreas, recuerdo que usé esa Historia en alguna asignatura en la universidad. Habrá algún post más similar a este, espero que también lo disfrutes.

  2. gold account:

    the total set of words in a language as distinct from morphology; vocabulary e.g. the lexis of the ‘Beowulf’ poet.