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The origins of flamenco Posted by on Aug 6, 2010 in Spanish Culture

Arte, misterio, duende… son innumerables los términos que podemos usar para referirnos al flamenco. Lo que sí es cierto es que es símbolo de identidad de Andalucía.

Los orígenes del flamenco son muy inciertos, y a pesar del interés que ha suscitado en estos últimos años, no hay aún una base cierta. Tradicionalmente se ha asociado al pueblo gitano, pero no parecen ser ellos sus creadores. Hay fuentes que afirman que los inicios debemos buscarlos durante la dominación árabe en el sur de la Península Ibérica, unido a las romanzas castellanas, lo que dio forma al Cante Andaluz. Inicialmente era sólo cante, “La Toná”, y poco a poco se fueron incorporando el baile y el acompañamiento musical. De la misma forma, la influencia del pueblo gitano ayudó a darle forma a este arte, y todo el éxito de que goza hoy día. Otra incógnita es por qué recibió el nombre de “Flamenco”.

Los “palos”, o tipos de composición, fueron surgiendo a raíz del asentamiento gitano en Andalucía, dependiendo de la zona: los romances, las rondeñas y las seguiriyas en Triana, las alegrías, las bulerías y los caracoles en Cádiz, los fandanguillos en Huelva, malagueñas, granaínas, el espectáculo de la zambra en el Sacromonte granadino, el cante minero-levantino, las tarantas y tantos otros… son múltiples las variedades que evolucionaron de la mano de distintas familias y voces.

Y pasemos al baile, que se unió al cante flamenco en los inicios del siglo XIX. Nació como un baile popular, a la luz de los candiles, en reuniones de vecinos. Pero su popularidad hizo que poco a poco nacieran escuelas de baile, que han llegado hasta nuestros días. El auge del flamenco ha hecho que se creen nuevos estilos y pasos, adaptados a cualquier composición, y que dan más belleza si cabe al espectáculo.

El instrumento musical inseparable del flamenco es la guitarra. Este instrumento se incorporó al mismo tiempo que el baile. Los Cafés Cantantes dieron fama al conjunto del espectáculo, ahora más atractivo al público gracias a la variedad de bailes. Y de esta forma también cobró fama la última figura que nos faltaba en este trío, el tocaor, siendo de los más famosos Paco de Lucena.

El siglo XX nos ha dado grandes figuras en el flamenco, se ha experimentado con él para crear fusiones impresionantes, pero de eso… ya hablaremos otro día.

Image by Imaji

Art, mystery, duende… There are endless terms that we can use to talk about flamenco. What we can settle on is that it is a symbol of Andalusian identity.

The origins of flamenco are quite obscure and, despite the attention it has attracted recently,
there is not yet an established theory. Traditionally, it has been associated to the Roma people, but apparently they were not the creators of this style. Some sources indicate that we should trace its origins during the Muslim occupation in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, together with Castilian Romanzas. This fusion resulted in the Cante Andaluz (Andalusian Singing). In the beginning, it was only singing, La Toná, and dancing and music were incorporated in time. Likewise, the gypsy influence helped shape this art progressively, as well as making it as famous at it is today. The reason for the name Flamenco is another unknown.

The palos, or types of composition, emerged from the gypsy settlements in Andalusia, depending on the region: romances, rondeñas, and seguiriyas from Triana, Seville. Alegrías, bulerías, and caracoles from Cadiz. Fandanguillos from Huelva, malagueñas, granaínas, zambra shows in the Sacromonte, Granada, miners’ songs from eastern Spain, like tarantas, and so many others… there are multiple variations that evolved from different dynasties and voices.

Let’s move on to dancing, which joined flamenco singing at the turn of the 19th century. It came to life as a folk dance, illuminated by candles during street gatherings. However, its increasing popularity led to the establishment of dance academies that exist even today. The growth of flamenco has led to the creation of new styles and moves, adapted to any composition, and that make this art form even more beautiful.

The musical instrument that is forever linked to flamenco is the guitar. This instrument was adopted around the same time as dancing did. Singing cafés, los cafés cantantes, helped spread the shows around and make them famous. They were now more appealing to bigger audiences, thanks to the variety of dance forms. This way, the last figure in the trio, the guitar player, or tocaor, became well known too. The most famous of these guitar players was Paco de Lucena.

The 20th century has given us the biggest names in flamenco. It has been experimented with and fusioned with other styles in amazing ways, but that is something we will discuss some other day.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7igxK7_8t-k

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About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!


Comments:

  1. antonio ruiz:

    hola,el guitarrista se llama Paco de Lucia,noPaco de Lucena
    muy interesante,por cierto
    saludos

    • David Carmona:

      @antonio ruiz No fue un error, Antonio. El guitarrista al que se refiere el artículo es Paco de Lucena, muy anterior a Paco de Lucía.

  2. Magda:

    Hola Antonio!
    Efectivamente, como dice David, el guitarrista que menciono es correcto, un guitarrista nacido a finales del siglo XIX. Paco de Lucía aparecerá en el próximo sobre el mismo tema…
    Aqui te dejo un enlace sobre este “tocaor”:
    http://www.elartedevivirelflamenco.com/guitarristas24.html