In this post, I explain the case marking system with special reference to diptotes or (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641). Diptotes refers to a category of nouns and adjectives that do not take tanween when they are indefinite and have special markings for cases. It should be remembered that when these words are definite, they take regular case markings.
\nFor example, the word (\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633) is a diptote, and when it is indefinite it marked with (\u0640\u064f) for the nominative case and with (\u0640\u064e) for both accusative and genitive cases.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064c.<\/p>\n
These are large schools.<\/p>\n
\u0632\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b.<\/p>\n
I visited large schools.<\/p>\n
\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d.<\/p>\n
I studied at large schools.<\/p>\n
Notice how the cases are marked differently on the nouns that are diptotes and the adjectives that take regular case markings!<\/p>\n
Broken plurals that contain three or more syllables are diptotes, for example broken plurals of the patterns \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 – – \u00a0\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 – \u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644, for example (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f) \u2018mosques\u2019, (\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630) \u2018pupils\u2019, (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633) \u2018dictionaries\u2019, (\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631) \u2018audiences\u2019, (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644) \u2018statues\u2019, etc.<\/p>\n
Now, try to decide which words in the sentences below are diptotes and try to vowel them.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n
Scroll down for the answers, and the translation of sentences:<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0650<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e<\/strong> \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n We used many references and various dictionaries to write the research paper.<\/p>\n \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u064f<\/strong> \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n These are new pupils at the school, and they came from different schools.<\/p>\n \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u064e<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n I lost my house keys but I found them in the police station.<\/p>\n \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064e<\/strong> \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n The government built new factories and vocational institutions in the city.<\/p>\n There are other categories of words that are diptotes. They will be explained in the next post or two.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In this post, I explain the case marking system with special reference to diptotes or (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641). Diptotes refers to a category of nouns and adjectives that do not take tanween when they are indefinite and have special markings for cases. It should be remembered that when these words are definite, they take regular…<\/p>\n