{"id":11435,"date":"2015-11-11T23:45:19","date_gmt":"2015-11-11T23:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=11435"},"modified":"2015-11-12T01:54:22","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T01:54:22","slug":"arabic-nouns-genitives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nouns-genitives\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Nouns: Genitives"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Ahlan <strong>\u0623\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> , Arabic lovers! Today, we are going to continue our study of the Arabic grammar and add some little title to our <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/index-of-arabic-grammar\/\">Index of Arabic Grammar<\/a>. We have gone a bit deeper so far. However, it is still a long way!<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In a previous grammar post, we discussed the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nouns-case\/\">Arabic Nouns Case<\/a>. That post was followed by another two ; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nouns-nominatives\/\">Arabic Nouns; Nominatives<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nouns-accusatives\/\">Arabic Nouns; Accusatives<\/a>. What is remaining is the Arabic Nouns; Genitives and this is exactly what we are going to talk about today.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Actually, the word &#8220;genitives&#8221; in Arabic means <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \/Al-Majrourat\/. This word is derived from the root verb <strong>\u062c\u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0651\u064e<\/strong> \/jar&#8217;ra\/ (to pull or to drag). So, these nouns are dragged (inflected) by something (e.g. prepositions) and this act of dragging (inflection) is marked by the diacritic Kas&#8217;rah most of the time. Now, what are the nouns that fall into this category?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_11436\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2015\/11\/Genitives.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Genitives\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11436\" class=\"wp-image-11436 size-full\"  alt=\"Genitive Nouns\" width=\"290\" height=\"218\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2015\/11\/Genitives.jpg\"><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11436\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genitive Nouns<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong><u>Definition<\/u>: <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0\u00a0 Genitives or Al-Majrourat <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> are the nouns that are in the genitive case. These nouns are marked by a Kas&#8217;rah <strong>\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0629<\/strong> (or an equivalent) on the ending letter(s). In Arabic, the genitive case is called (Al-Jarr) <strong>\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631<\/strong> and nouns that are in this case are called (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>) or <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> Adjectives that modify these nouns\/words are in the same case and have the same Harakah (<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/2-arabic-diacritics-al-tashkeel-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%AA%D9%80%D8%B4%D9%80%D9%83%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84\/\">Tashkeel<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><u>Genitives (Al-Majrourat)<\/u>:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><em>These are the types of nouns that fall into this category:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>The Genitive (Al-Majrour) by a Preposition \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631:<\/strong><\/span> We have already learnt about the different <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-prepositions-part-1\/\">Arabic Prepositions<\/a>. So, if a noun comes after these prepositions, then it is in the genitive case and it has a a Kas&#8217;rah on its ending. We define this nouns as &#8220;genitive&#8221; or as (a Majrour) noun by a preposition because the preposition was the real cause of this case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0648\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u064f <span style=\"color: #008000\">\u0625\u0644\u0640\u0649<\/span> <span style=\"color: #993300\"><u>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/u>\u0650<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0= The train arrived\u00a0at\u00a0(got\u00a0to) the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong><u>station<\/u><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Ex. \u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u064b <span style=\"color: #008000\">\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646<\/span> <span style=\"color: #993300\"><u>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f\u0650<\/u><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 = I saw one of the <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">lions<\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the above two examples, the words <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/strong> (station) and <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f<\/strong> (lions) are in the genitive case because they are preceded by the prepositions <strong>\u0625\u0644\u0640\u0649<\/strong> and <strong>\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646<\/strong> . They are both marked by a Kas&#8217;rah on the ending letter.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>The Genitive (Al-Majrour) by Idaafa \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0629:<\/strong><\/span> we were introduced early to the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/definite-nouns6-al-modaaf-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81\/\">Idaafa and Modaaf<\/a> structures when we were discussing <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/the-noun-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-definite-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-indefinite-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9\/\">definite nouns<\/a>. To make things clearer, if we have an indefinite noun that is followed by a noun or a pronoun that defines it, we call this structure Idaafa and the second noun is pronoun is called Modaaf. Modaaf literally means &#8220;added&#8221; and it is added to provide more information about the indefinite noun that precedes it and and thus changige it into a definite noun by Idaafa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0647 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #993300\">\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/span>.<\/strong> = This is a school. (&#8216;school&#8217; here is an indefinite noun)<\/p>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0647 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #993300\">\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0640\u0640\u064a<\/span>.<\/strong> = This is <span style=\"color: #993300\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>my<\/strong><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>school<\/span>. (&#8216;school&#8217; here is a definite noun)<\/p>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0647 <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u0645\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. \u00a0= This is the <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #993300\">kids<\/span><\/strong>&#8216; <span style=\"color: #993300\">school<\/span>. (&#8216;school&#8217; is also definite here)<\/p>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0649 <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0650<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/strong> = The plane landed on the <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">airport<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><span style=\"color: #993300\">ground<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the first example above, the word school is an indefinite noun. Whereas, the second and third examples it changes to a definite noun because there is another word (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/strong>) or attachment (the pronoun Yaa of the speaker) that is added after it to make it definite. The Idaafa (literally means &#8216;addition&#8217;) whether it is a noun or pronoun is called Moddaf and it is always in the genitive case with a Kas&#8217;rah on its ending. So, The pronoun <strong>Yaa<\/strong> of the speaker in the second example above is a Modaaf Majrour by the Kas&#8217;rah and so is the noun <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/strong> (kids) in the third example. In the fourth example, the word <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631<\/strong> (airport) is modaaf to the word <strong>\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/strong> and so it is Majrour by Idaafa too.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">The Genitive (Al-Majrour) by being an Adjective:<\/span> <\/strong>Arabic adjectives are different from English adjectives. The Arabic adjective must be in the same number, gender and case as the noun it modifies. Thus, if a genitive (Majrour) noun is followed by an adjective, then the adjective is in the same genitive case. So, if we add an adjective to the Majrour nouns in the above examples, then this adjective is also in the Majrour case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f <span style=\"color: #993300\"><u>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0629\u0650<\/u><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #993300\">\u00a0<\/span>= I saw one of the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\"><strong>hungry<\/strong> <\/span><\/span>lions.<\/p>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span><\/span>.<\/strong> \u00a0= This is the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\"><strong>smart<\/strong> <\/span><\/span>kids&#8217; school.<\/p>\n<p>Ex. <strong>\u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;text-decoration: underline\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. = The plane landed on the ground of the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #993300\"><strong>new<\/strong> <\/span>airport.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>*****<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Find all our grammar posts here; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/index-of-arabic-grammar\/\">Index of Arabic Grammar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>*****<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong><u>Check us back soon<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>Peace \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u00a0\/Salam\/<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"290\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2015\/11\/Genitives.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image tmp-hide-img\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p>Ahlan \u0623\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u064b , Arabic lovers! Today, we are going to continue our study of the Arabic grammar and add some little title to our Index of Arabic Grammar. We have gone a bit deeper so far. However, it is still a long way! In a previous grammar post, we discussed the Arabic Nouns Case. That&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nouns-genitives\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":11436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3525,6,13],"tags":[404591,8304,3533,404592,404590,376247,404588,404589],"class_list":["post-11435","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic-language","category-grammar","category-vocabulary","tag-al-majrourat","tag-arabic-grammar","tag-arabic-nouns","tag-arabic-nouns-genitives","tag-majrour","tag-nouns-case","tag-the-genitive-case","tag-the-genitive-nouns"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11437,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435\/revisions\/11437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}