{"id":13962,"date":"2017-03-23T07:00:36","date_gmt":"2017-03-23T07:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=13962"},"modified":"2017-03-23T20:28:52","modified_gmt":"2017-03-23T20:28:52","slug":"tanween-nunation-in-arabic-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/tanween-nunation-in-arabic-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Tanween [Nunation] in Arabic: Types, Meanings, and Assignment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_13963\" style=\"width: 598px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/121104538@N03\/\" aria-label=\"Tanween FatH Kasr Dhamm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13963\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13963\"  alt=\"tanween in Arabic: fatH-kasr-dhamm\" width=\"588\" height=\"571\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm.jpg 588w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm-350x340.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13963\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">image by \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f on Flickr.com<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-diacritics-important-but-neglected\/\">an earlier post<\/a>, we learned that basic Arabic diacritical marks have linguistic values. So does the Arabic nunation, i.e. <em>tanween<\/em> \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646. Besides its distinct pronunciation, it has both grammar- and meaning-related values. There are three types of <em>tanween<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>fatH<\/em> ( \u064b \u00a0), denoted by double <em>fatHah<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>kasr<\/em> ( \u064d ), denoted by double <em>kasrah<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>dhamm<\/em> (\u00a0 \u064c )<em>,<\/em> denoted by double <em>Dhammah<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Tanween<\/em> is added to the end of Arabic nouns, adjectives, (and adverbs, fatH only). For a pure beginner learning Arabic, the most common words with <em>tanween <\/em>that he\/she hears at the outset of his learning are these:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hi<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hello<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hello and welcome<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0639\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0648\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sorry, excuse me, you&#8217;re welcome<\/p>\n<p>All these greeting words, end with a <em>tanween al-fatH<\/em>. This is not arbitrary; rather, it is governed by the grammar. When a noun is in an object position (among other positions), it is assigned <em>tanween al-fatH<\/em>. If a noun occurs in a subject position (again, among others), it is assigned <em>tanween al-dhamm<\/em>. The noun is assigned <em>tanween al-kasr<\/em> if it occurs after a preposition, as in these examples:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0644\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0642\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u064b \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>I donned a new hat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d.<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>I stayed in a big room.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0642\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d.<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a new hat.<\/p>\n<p>In many world languages, nouns and adjectives are marked for definiteness. That is, they are either definite, i.e. specific, or indefinite, i.e. don\u2019t refer to a specific thing. \u2018a\u2019 and \u2018an\u2019, \u2018un\u2019 and \u2018une\u2019, \u2018ein\u2019 and \u2018eine\u2019 are the indefinite articles in English, French, and German, respectively. Likewise, <em>tanween<\/em> is the indefinite marker of nouns and adjectives in Arabic. It is different from other languages in that is it marked diacritically, i.e. using <em>tanween<\/em>. Plus, it varies according to its position in the sentence. A feature of the <em>tanween al-fatH <\/em>that you should pay attention to is that it induces a typographic change with words, except with words ending in <em>ta-marbuTah<\/em> \u0640\u0640\u0629 and words ending in <em>hamzah<\/em> that is preceded by <em>alif<\/em>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u00a0<\/strong>(book)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 <\/strong>(a book)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 <\/strong>(pen)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00a0<\/strong>(a pen)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0652 <\/strong>(house)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064b\u0627\u00a0<\/strong>(a house)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>(water)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b <\/strong>( [a] water)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0647\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0652 <\/strong>(air)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0647\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b <\/strong>(an air)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u062c\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0621\u0652 <\/strong>(part)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u062c\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0621\u064b\u0627\u00a0<\/strong>(a part)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">For the first set of words above, it is required that you add an <em>alif<\/em> after the <em>tanween<\/em>. The value of this primarily typographic, i.e. to make it distinct from other words. For the second set of words, <em>alif <\/em>may not be added after the <em>tanween<\/em> in the first two words to avoid redundancy, i.e. having two <em>alif<\/em>s in a row. In the case of the last word, an <em>alif<\/em> is to be added.<\/p>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s put the above rules into practice.<\/p>\n<p>a) add all three types of <em>tanween <\/em>to these words and say them out loud. Answers will be provided and explain in our next post.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>(watch)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u062f\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0(notebook)<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639 <\/strong>(street)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062c\u0650\u062f <\/strong>(mosque) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0641 <\/strong>(phone) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u00a0<\/strong>(city)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">b) choose the correct form of the word. Pay attention of the position of the word in each sentence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>(\u0623)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064f &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u0639\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0639\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u00a0 &#8211; \u0639\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>(\u0628)\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064b\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064c\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064d). <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>(\u062c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064d\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064c \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064c\u00a0 &#8211; \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b )<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>(\u062f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0639\u064c\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0639\u064d\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0639\u0627\u064b ).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>(\u0647\u0640)\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064b\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064d\u00a0 \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064d\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064c).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>c) complete these sentences with a suitable word from this post using the appropriate form of <em>tanween<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>\u00a0.\u0623)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. \u0635\u064e\u063a\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>.\u0628)\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0628\u0640\u0650 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>.\u062c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c. \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u064e\u0627 2 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0635. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>.\u062f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u0623\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. \u00a0\u0647\u0640) \u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Another aspect of the <em>tanween<\/em> that you should know is that it is employed only in the formal usage of the language. That is, in formal settings, native speakers of the language are expected to use it. colloquially, <em>tanween<\/em> is rarely used with exception of greeting words, such as <em>ahlan, marhban, \u2026 <\/em>etc. When a word is made definite, the <em>tanween <\/em>is replaced by the corresponding default diacritical mark. I will explain this in next post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm-350x340.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"tanween in Arabic: fatH-kasr-dhamm\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm-350x340.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/03\/tanween-fatH-kasr-dhamm.jpg 588w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>In an earlier post, we learned that basic Arabic diacritical marks have linguistic values. So does the Arabic nunation, i.e. tanween \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646. Besides its distinct pronunciation, it has both grammar- and meaning-related values. There are three types of tanween: fatH ( \u064b \u00a0), denoted by double fatHah kasr ( \u064d ), denoted by double kasrah&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/tanween-nunation-in-arabic-types\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":13963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3525,6,11],"tags":[462552,298533,462551,462549,462548],"class_list":["post-13962","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic-language","category-grammar","category-pronunciation","tag-dhamm","tag-fath","tag-kasr","tag-nunation","tag-tanween"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13962"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13969,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13962\/revisions\/13969"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}