{"id":14449,"date":"2017-06-15T17:50:04","date_gmt":"2017-06-15T17:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=14449"},"modified":"2017-06-15T17:50:04","modified_gmt":"2017-06-15T17:50:04","slug":"arabic-verb-forms-imperfective-moods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-verb-forms-imperfective-moods\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Verb Forms [Imperfective Moods]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In most languages, <em>mood<\/em> is a grammatical and\/or semantic, i.e. meaning-related, term that is tied to verbs. It is a change in the form of the verb that indicates a contrast of some sort. For instance, the sentence \u201cif he were you, he would buy that car\u2019 in English is in the subjective mood; that is, using \u2018were\u2019 instead of \u2018was\u2019 indicates that the sentence is unreal, i.e. hypothetical. Generally, <em>mood<\/em> in Arabic pertains to the imperfective form <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14451\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-350x145.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-350x145.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-768x317.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3.png 1012w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Unlike the perfective form, the imperfective form <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong> does not refer to a specific tense. That is, it may express an event in the past, present, or future. For this reason, it has three types of mood: <em>indicative<\/em>, <em>subjunctive<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>jussive<\/em>. So, how can we recognize these moods?<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Singular imperfective forms:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With singular imperfective forms, <em>mood <\/em>is recognized from the diacritical marks assigned to the end of verbs. How? If the verb is assigned <em>dhammah <\/em><strong>\u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, it is in the <em>indicative<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>; if it is assigned <em>fatHah<\/em> <strong>\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, it is in the <em>subjective<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>; and if it is assigned <em>sukoon<\/em> <strong>\u0633\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646<\/strong> or loses the weak letter, it is in the <em>jussive<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>, as in:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f<\/span> \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018Ahmed goes to the university every Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>indicative<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/span> \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018Ahmed will not go to the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>subjunctive<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0652<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018oh Ahmed, don\u2019t go to the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e<\/span> \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0636.<\/strong> \u2018don\u2019t say that you are sick.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em> (<strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652<\/strong> instead of <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0652<\/strong>, i.e. weak letter \u0648 is dropped).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Dual and plural imperfective forms: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In dual and plural imperfective forms, <em>mood <\/em>is recognized from the retention or deletion of the <strong>\u0646<\/strong> at the end of verbs. That is, if the <strong>\u0646<\/strong> is retained, the verbs are in the <em>indicative<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>, while the deletion of the <strong>\u0646<\/strong> means that the verbs are either in the <em>subjective<\/em> or <em>jussive<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>, as in:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018the two students go to the university every Saturday\u2019\u2014<em>indicative<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064f <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong> \u00a0\u2018the students go to the university every Saturday\u2019\u2014<em>indicative<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018the two students won\u2019t go to the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>subjunctive<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong> \u2018the students won\u2019t go the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>subjunctive<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong> \u2018you both, don\u2019t go to the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a.<\/strong> \u2018you all, don\u2019t go to the university this Saturday.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018you both, don\u2019t say that you are sick.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em> (weak letter is not dropped due to change in internal diacritics of the verb).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0636.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018you all, don\u2019t say that you are sick.\u2019\u2014<em>jussive<\/em> (again, weak letter is retained owing to internal diacritics of the verb).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>So, what is the significance <em>mood<\/em>? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Semantically, i.e. with respect to the meaning, <em>indicative<\/em> means that the action takes place in the present, i.e. at the time of speaking, while <em>subjunctive<\/em> and <em>jussive<\/em> mean that the action will take place in the future.<\/p>\n<p>What if the verb is not assigned final diacritical marks as oftentimes the case in modern written and spoken Arabic?<\/p>\n<p>If verbs have no final diacritical marks, we resort to structural hints. If a verb is not preceded by <em>subjunctive<\/em> or <em>jussive<\/em> particles (or certain nouns in case of jussive), it is in the <em>indicative<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>. If it is preceded by one, it is in the <em>subjective<\/em> or <em>jussive<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">What are the <em>subjunctive<\/em> particles?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most commonly used in Modern Arabic are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong> \u2018to\u2019\u2014e.g.\u2019 <strong>\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e<\/span><\/strong> \u2018I want to get married.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong> \u2018will not\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0637\u0651\u0650\u064a\u062e\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645.<\/strong> \u2018he will not east watermelon from today on.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652<\/strong> (or <strong>\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652<\/strong>) \u2018to, in order to\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0623\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064e<\/span><\/strong>. \u2018I save some money in order to travel.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0640\u0650<\/strong> \u2018to, in order to\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0623\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0650 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e<\/span> \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong> \u2018I go to the mountain to hunt a hyrax.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u2018until, so that, in order to\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0623\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0628.<\/strong> \u2018I won\u2019t sleep until I finish the homework.\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The verbs <strong>\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e<\/strong>, <strong>\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0623\u064c\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u064e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e<\/strong>, and <strong>\u0623\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/strong> are in the <em>subjunctive<\/em> <em>mood<\/em>, hence the actions they represent will occur in the future.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>What are the <em>jussive<\/em> particles? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The most commonly used <em>jussive<\/em> particles (that has future meaning) in Modern Arabic are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u2018don\u2019t\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0644\u0627 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652<\/span> \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0633 \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062f\u064c \u062c\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/strong> \u2018don\u2019t travel by train as it (the weather) is very cold.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652<\/strong> \u2018if\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064e\u062d<\/span>.<\/strong> \u2018if you study, you may pass.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627<\/strong> \u2018if\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064e\u062d\u0652<\/span>.<\/strong> \u2018if you study, you will pass.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong> \u2018whoever\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064e\u062d\u0652<\/span>.<\/strong> \u2018whoever studies, he will pass.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u2018whatever\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0644\u0652<\/span>.<\/strong> \u2018whatever you do, you will lose.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u2018wherever\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0633\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0633<\/span>.<\/strong> \u2018wherever you sit, I will sit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649<\/strong> or <strong>\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u2018when, whenever\u2019\u2014e.g. <strong>\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0652 <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">\u0623\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0652<\/span> \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0643.<\/strong> \u2018whenever you travel, I travel with you.\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What is the difference between <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652<\/strong> and <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627<\/strong>? In using <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652<\/strong>, you are not sure if the action in the second clause, i.e. \u2018passing\u2019 in the example above, will be fulfilled, whereas <strong>\u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627<\/strong> indicates that the action will be fulfilled.<\/p>\n<p>The second verbs in each of the clauses above are in the <em>jussive<\/em> <em>mood<\/em> which means that their respective actions will take place in the future.<\/p>\n<p>To recap, <em>indicative mood<\/em> signifies a present action. <em>Subjunctive mood<\/em> and <em>jussive mood,<\/em> on the other hand, denote a future action.<\/p>\n<p>In Modern Arabic dialects, the mood is a bit different and more complex. This will be explained in the next post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-350x145.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-350x145.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3-768x317.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2017\/06\/al-fi3l-al-mudhari3.png 1012w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>In most languages, mood is a grammatical and\/or semantic, i.e. meaning-related, term that is tied to verbs. It is a change in the form of the verb that indicates a contrast of some sort. For instance, the sentence \u201cif he were you, he would buy that car\u2019 in English is in the subjective mood; that&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-verb-forms-imperfective-moods\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":14451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[462649,8331,462652,8332],"class_list":["post-14449","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","category-vocabulary","tag-imperfective-moods","tag-indicative-mood","tag-jussive-mood","tag-subjunctive-mood"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"moods in the imperfective form of the verb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" 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