{"id":14573,"date":"2017-07-27T04:12:07","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T04:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=14573"},"modified":"2017-07-27T04:12:07","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T04:12:07","slug":"conjugating-%d9%84%d9%8e%d9%8a%d9%92%d8%b3%d9%8e-laysa-and-%d9%83%d9%8e%d8%a7%d9%92%d9%86%d9%8e-kaana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/conjugating-%d9%84%d9%8e%d9%8a%d9%92%d8%b3%d9%8e-laysa-and-%d9%83%d9%8e%d8%a7%d9%92%d9%86%d9%8e-kaana\/","title":{"rendered":"Conjugating \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e laysa and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0652\u0646\u064e kaana"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Arabic sentence is either \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>ismiiyah<\/em> \u2018nominal\u2019, i.e. has no verb, or \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>fi\u2018liiyah<\/em> \u2018verbal\u2019. Their frequency is similar. \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633<\/strong> laysa <\/em>\u2018not\u2019 and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> kaana<\/em> \u2018was\/were\u2019 are mainly associated with the nominal. Therefore, both are important and frequent; knowing the regularity and irregularity of their \u062a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641 <\/strong>taSriif <\/em>\u2018conjugation\u2019 is essential for easier learning and effective use of Arabic.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> is for negation and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0646\u064e<\/strong> for past tense formation. As a rule, they are placed at the start of a sentence. In this case, their form remains the same except for gender agreement.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/u>(*)<\/sup><\/p>\n

(1)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631.<\/strong> al-bayt kabiir\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the house is big.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong>\u00a0 kaana al-bayt kabiiran\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the house was big.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong>\u00a0 laysa al-bayt kabiiran\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the house is not big.\u2019<\/p>\n

(2)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-bint jamiilah\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girl is beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong>\u00a0 kaanat al-bint jamiilatan\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girl was beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong>\u00a0 laysat al-bint jamiilatan\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girl is not beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

(3)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-awlaad aqwiiya\u2019\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boys are strong.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621.<\/strong>\u00a0 kaana al-awlaad aqwiiya\u2019\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boys were strong.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621.<\/strong>\u00a0 laysa al-awlaad aqwiiya\u2019\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boys are not strong.\u2019<\/p>\n

(4)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-banaat samiinat\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girls are chubby.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 kaanat al-banaat samiinat\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girls were chubby.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 laysat al-banaat samiinat\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girls are not chubby.\u2019<\/p>\n

In (1) and (3), the forms of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> are the same, i.e. not marked for gender or number even though the number in (1) is singular and plural in (3). This is always the case all verbs in the past tense forms when they precede the subject (i.e. doer); e.g., \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064f\u00a0<\/strong>kataba al-walad\u00a0<\/em>‘the boy wrote’ and \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f\u00a0<\/strong>kataba al-awlaad\u00a0<\/em>‘the boys wrote’.<\/p>\n

In (2) and (4), however, the forms of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> \u00a0and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> are marked for gender with the \u062a<\/strong> (but not for number). In like manner, this applies to all past tense forms when they occur before the subject; e.g.,\u00a0\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u00a0<\/strong>katabat al-bint\u00a0<\/em>‘the girl wrote’ and\u00a0\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u00a0<\/strong>katabat al-banaat\u00a0<\/em>‘the girls wrote’.<\/p>\n

What if they (\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong>) are placed after the subject, i.e. after the first word\/phrase of the nominal sentence?<\/p>\n

In this case, \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> must agree in gender and number. Let\u2019s move them to second position, i.e. after \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> mubtada\u2019 <\/em>\u2018subject\/topic\u2019 in the above examples, and observe what happens.<\/p>\n

(5)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span> \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-bayt kaana kabiiran\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the house was big.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/span> \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-bayt laysa kabiiran\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the house is not big.\u2019<\/p>\n

(6)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-bint kaanat jamiilatan\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girl was beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062a<\/span> \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-bint Laysat jamiilatan\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girl is not beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

(7)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-awlaad kaanuu aqwiiya\u2019\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boys were strong.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/span> \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-awlaad laysuu aqwiiya\u2019\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boys are not strong.\u2019<\/p>\n

(8)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span> \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-banaat kunna samiinat\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girls were chubby.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/span> \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 al-banaat lasna samiinat\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the girst are not chubby.\u2019<\/p>\n

In (5) and (6), there\u2019s no number agreement as both are singular. But in (7) and (8), the number agreement is obvious. In (7), the plural marker \u0640\u0648\u0627<\/strong> is simply appended to the end of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong>. In (8), there is more to it than adding the number suffix. This is what matters most here<\/u>. What is going on?<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> has become \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong>. The weak letter of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> has disappeared and the \u0646<\/strong> has become doubled. Here is the explanation: basically, the feminine plural suffix is \u0646\u064e<\/strong>, i.e. \u0646<\/strong> with fatHah<\/em>, so when appending it to \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong>, it becomes \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0646\u064e<\/strong>. As a rule, and for ease of pronunciation, the first \u0646<\/strong> loses it fatHah <\/em>for a sukoon<\/em>, and hence, \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0646\u064e<\/strong> becomes \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong>. Now you have two sukoon<\/em> in a row \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0652\u0646\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong>, one on \u0627<\/strong> and one on the \u0646<\/strong>. Grammatically, if you have two consecutive letters both with sukoon<\/em> in the same word, the first letter should be dropped. Thus, we get \u0643\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong>. Now, in \u0643\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong>, you have two identical letters in a row, the first with a sukoon<\/em> and the second with a fatHah<\/em>. They qualify to become one with a shaddah<\/em><\/a>, i.e. \u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong>. How about \u0643\u0640\u064e<\/strong>? Why does it become \u0643\u064f\u0640<\/strong>? Great question! This is to disambiguate the meaning of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong> from the meaning of \u0643\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong> kanna<\/em> \u2018to remain quiet\u2019\u2014another word in Arabic.<\/p>\n

Here is the sequence for conjugating \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u2190 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e \u2190 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e \u2190 \u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong><\/p>\n

In the table above you can see the serial conjugation of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong> and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> with \u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong> hunna <\/em>\u2018they(f)\u2019, \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong> ana <\/em>\u2018I\u2019, and \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f<\/strong> naHnu <\/em>\u2018we\u2019.<\/p>\n

Exercise<\/u>:<\/p>\n

Try writing out the serial conjugation of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong> and \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/strong> with these pronouns:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u064f\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e <\/strong><\/p>\n

Answers<\/strong> will be posted on Facebook Page<\/a> after 24 hours.<\/p>\n

NB<\/u>: dual forms are not included because they are rather infrequent.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"
The Arabic sentence is either \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 ismiiyah \u2018nominal\u2019, i.e. has no verb, or \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 fi\u2018liiyah \u2018verbal\u2019. Their frequency is similar. \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633 laysa \u2018not\u2019 and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e kaana \u2018was\/were\u2019 are mainly associated with the nominal. Therefore, both are important and frequent; knowing the regularity and irregularity of their \u062a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641 taSriif \u2018conjugation\u2019 is essential for easier learning and…<\/p>\n
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