{"id":14642,"date":"2017-08-10T03:45:16","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T03:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=14642"},"modified":"2017-08-10T03:45:16","modified_gmt":"2017-08-10T03:45:16","slug":"arabic-verb-forms-transitive-vs-intransitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-verb-forms-transitive-vs-intransitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Verb Forms [Transitive vs. Intransitive]"},"content":{"rendered":"

We use the language to share our feelings and thoughts. This entails expressing a state of being or an action. In Arabic, the latter is done using a verbal sentence. As the name suggests, it should contain a verb; plus, it, the verb, must occur sentence-initially. To make sense, it is essential that we know whether the verb requires an object (i.e. intransitive<\/strong> \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0645<\/strong> laazim<\/em>) or not (i.e. transitive<\/strong> \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a<\/strong> muta\u2018addii<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

What is intransitive \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0645<\/strong>?<\/span><\/p>\n

Put simply, an intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object. For instance, the English sentences (1) and (2) are completely meaningful without an object, and so is the case with the corresponding Arabic ones.<\/p>\n

(1) John laughed. \u0636\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DaHika John.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) Sally is crying. \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 tabkii Sally.<\/em><\/p>\n

What is a transitive \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a<\/strong>?<\/span><\/p>\n

It basically is the opposite; that is, the sentence is not meaningful unless an object is added. For example, the English sentences (3) and (4) do not make a complete sense, and so are the respective Arabic translations.<\/p>\n

(3) Jack hit. \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0643.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Daraba Jack. <\/em><\/p>\n

(4) Samar is throwing. \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samar tarmii. <\/em><\/p>\n

To make them meaningful, an object must complement the verb, as is in (5) and (6).<\/p>\n

(5) Jack hit Sarah. \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Daraba Jack Sarah.<\/em><\/p>\n

(6) Samar is throwing a bottle. \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samar tarmii qaaruurah.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hence, \u0636\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong> and \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u0650\u064a<\/strong> are intransitive<\/strong> verbs, while \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> and \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a<\/strong> are transitive<\/strong>. Hmm! How do we know what is what? Well, this is oftentimes implied in the meaning of verbs. Furthermore, intransitives<\/strong> normally express behavior, appearance, mood, or condition. However, it is important to know that an intransitive <\/strong>can be made transitive<\/strong>, but not the other way round.<\/p>\n

How to change an intransitive verb into a transitive?<\/span><\/p>\n

There are three ways to do this:<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> by means of a prefix, namely \u0623<\/strong>, as in the table above and in (7), (8), and (9). The intransitive verbs \u0636\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong>, \u0628\u0643\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, and \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e<\/strong> become transitive after adding \u0623<\/strong> hamzah<\/em> to the beginning to form \u0623\u064e\u0636\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0643<\/strong>, \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, and \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e<\/strong>, \u2018make laugh\u2019, \u2018make cry\u2019, and \u2018make happy\u2019, respectively.<\/p>\n

(7) \u0623\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> aDhHaka John Sarah <\/em>\u2018John made Sarah laugh.\u2019<\/p>\n

(8) \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a.<\/strong> Abkaa Jack Sally. <\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Jack made Sally cry.\u2019<\/p>\n

(9) \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/strong> afraHa Khalid Sadiiqatahu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018Khalid made his girlfriend happy.\u2019<\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> using an infix (i.e. an addition inserted within the verb), namely \u0651 on the middle letter, as in (10), (11), and (12). After doubling the middle letter,\u0636\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong> , \u0628\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, and \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e<\/strong> become transitive.<\/p>\n

(10) \u0636\u064e\u062d\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> DhaHHaka John Sarah.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018John made Sarah laugh.\u2019<\/p>\n

(11) \u0628\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a.<\/strong> bakkaa Jack Sally. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018Jack made Sally cry.\u2019<\/p>\n

(12) \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/strong> farraHa Khalid Sadiiqatahu\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018Khalid made his girlfriend happy.\u2019<\/p>\n

c)<\/strong> by adding \u0627<\/strong> after the first letter of the tri-consonantal verbs, as in (13) and (14):<\/p>\n

(13) intransitive<\/u>: \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d.<\/strong> Jalasa SaaliH. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018Saleh Sat.\u2019<\/p>\n

transitive:<\/span> \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d \u0633\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jaalasa SaaliH Saliim \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018Saleh Sat with Salim.\u2019<\/p>\n

(14) intransitive:<\/span> \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f.<\/strong> la\u2018iba al-walad \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boy played.\u2019<\/p>\n

transitive<\/u>: \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 la\u2018aba al-walad al-bint\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u2018the boy played with the girl.\u2019<\/p>\n

Seemingly, \u0623<\/strong> and \u0651<\/strong> are used with pretty much the same meaning. However, this is not the case; rather, the insertion of \u0651<\/strong> on the middle letters signifies repetitiveness in the action; e.g., \u0636\u064e\u062d\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e<\/strong> \u2018make somebody laugh\u2019 means the action of laughing <\/em>was done repetitively, and so is the case with \u0628\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u00a0and \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u064e<\/strong> in (11) and (12), respectively.<\/p>\n

As for the addition of \u0627 after the second letter, as in (c), it always means participatory roles in performing the action. That is, the action is done by both persons\/things involved in the sentence.<\/p>\n

As to the transitive, it is also further divided into mono-transitive, requiring one object, ditransitive, requiring two, and tri-transitive, requiring three. This is something to expound further in future posts.<\/p>\n

Exercise<\/u>:<\/p>\n

Make these intransitive verbs intransitive in at least two ways. Use your dictionary for help. Also, attempt to use them in sentences. Answers will be posted on our Facebook Page<\/a> 24 hours later.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0634\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0641\u064e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0631\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0631\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0635\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

We use the language to share our feelings and thoughts. This entails expressing a state of being or an action. In Arabic, the latter is done using a verbal sentence. As the name suggests, it should contain a verb; plus, it, the verb, must occur sentence-initially. To make sense, it is essential that we know…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":14643,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[3802,3861,253007],"class_list":["post-14642","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","category-vocabulary","tag-causative-verbs","tag-intransitive-verbs","tag-transitive-verbs"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14642"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14645,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14642\/revisions\/14645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}