{"id":15155,"date":"2017-11-09T16:41:40","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T16:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=15155"},"modified":"2017-11-09T16:41:40","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T16:41:40","slug":"basic-sentence-structure-in-arabic-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/basic-sentence-structure-in-arabic-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Sentence Structure in Arabic (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In an earlier post<\/a>, I focused on one type of Arabic sentences, the verbal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. As its name suggests, it is the sentence that starts with a verb \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>. In like manner, the nominal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, our focus in this post, is the sentence that starts with a noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645<\/strong>. This type has two parts: the subject<\/em> (or topic) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0623<\/strong> and the predicate<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The subject (topic) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0623:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> literally means \u2018anything that we start with\u2019. In structuring a sentence, it must be a noun. Plus, it must be a definite noun, i.e. \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. If not, it would not make a sentence. As elaborated on in an earlier post<\/a>, the definite noun, the subject <\/em>\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong>, can be one of three types of definite nouns, as in (A).<\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
(definite because of \u0627\u0644\u0640<\/strong>)<\/td>\n\u2018the dog\u2019<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(definite because of iDHaafah<\/em> to a definite noun)<\/td>\n\u2018the man\u2019s dog\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(definite because of iDHaafah<\/em> to a pronoun)<\/td>\n\u2018our dog\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong> literally means \u2018anything that we tell about someone or something.\u2019 As a part of the nominal sentence, it can be one of three types: a noun\/adjective, a semi-sentence (i.e. a prepositional phrase), or a verbal sentence. If it is a noun\/adjective, it must be indefinite, i.e. \u0646\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. If not, it would not make sentence. A semi-sentence is called \u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647 \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong> in Arabic. It is basically a preposition followed by a noun, that is a prepositional phrase. A verbal sentence is a verb (in the present or past) followed by a subject and an object (which can be optional), as in (B).<\/p>\n

(B)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2018annoying\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong> \u2018 in the house\u2019<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u2018annoys the neighbors.\u2019<\/p>\n

Forming a Nominal Sentence:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

As indicated, we must start with the subject<\/em> (topic) \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> and then follow it with the predicate<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. Putting the phrases in (A) and (B) together, we form completely meaningful nominal sentences, as follows:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n

To elaborate further, looking at the table image above, you can see that every subject <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> is definite. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong> and \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a<\/strong> are definite due to \u0627\u0644\u0640<\/strong>, \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f<\/strong> is definite because it is a proper noun, \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong> in \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a<\/strong> is definite because a pronoun is appended to it, and \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646<\/strong> is definite because it is added to a definite noun, that is \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Looking the same table, you can see that every predicate<\/em> belongs to one of three types. \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0629<\/strong> and \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f<\/strong> \u00a0are indefinite adjectives (i.e. they don\u2019t have \u0627\u0644\u0640<\/strong>). \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646<\/strong> and \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0629<\/strong> are \u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647 \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, i.e. prepositional phrases, and \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0645 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629<\/strong> is a verbal sentence.<\/p>\n

What if:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

If the subject <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> is not a definite noun, the formed sentence is not a sentence; rather, it is a phrase, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sentence<\/u><\/td>\nPhrase<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the dog is annoying.\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018an annoying dog\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the car is new.\u2019<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018a new car\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u062d\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018Mohamad\u2019s phone is new.\u2019<\/td>\n\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018a new phone\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Likewise, if the predicate<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong> is not an indefinite noun\/adjective, it makes a phrase instead of a sentence, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sentence<\/u><\/td>\nPhrase<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the dog is annoying.\u2019<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the annoying dog\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the car is new.\u2019<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the new car\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u062d\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f.<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018Mohamad\u2019s phone is new.\u2019<\/td>\n\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018Mohamad\u2019s new phone\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

What else:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In forming a basic nominal sentence, the subject <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong> and the predicate<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong> must agree in gender and number, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sentence<\/u><\/td>\nGender<\/u><\/td>\nNumber<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c.<\/strong><\/td>\nmasculine<\/td>\nsingular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u0629.<\/strong><\/td>\nfeminine<\/td>\nsingular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c\u0640\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/td>\nmasculine<\/td>\ndual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0640\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/td>\nfeminine<\/td>\ndual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

In an earlier post, I focused on one type of Arabic sentences, the verbal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. As its name suggests, it is the sentence that starts with a verb \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644. In like manner, the nominal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629, our focus in this post, is the sentence that starts with a noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645. This type…<\/p>\n

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