{"id":15298,"date":"2018-02-08T13:16:09","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=15298"},"modified":"2018-02-08T13:16:09","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:16:09","slug":"how-to-order-and-give-instructions-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/how-to-order-and-give-instructions-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Order and Give Instructions in Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"

To give orders or instructions in Arabic, full verbs in the imperative form are used. \u00a0In Arabic, \u2018order\u2019 is \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong> and its plural is \u0623\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0631<\/strong> and \u2018instruction\u2019 is \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647<\/strong> and its plural is \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. A full verb is the verb that indicates an action, as \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to play\u2019, \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to write\u2019, \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to promise\u2019 and alike. In this post, I will illustrate how to derive an imperative form from different types of verbs.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Verb Forms Table<\/p><\/div>\n

The Derivation Steps:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The imperative form of the verb is derived from the 3rd<\/sup> person masculine singular present form of the verb. To obtain it, the following steps are followed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. From the 3rd<\/sup> person masculine singular past form (1st<\/sup> column in the table), we derive the 3rd<\/sup> person masculine singular present form (2nd<\/sup> column in the table),<\/li>\n
  2. The present form prefix \u064a\u0640\u064e <\/strong>is then dropped, and remainder verb will constitute the imperative form under these conditions:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    a)<\/strong> if the first letter of the remainder verb has a sukuun<\/em>, then alif wasl <\/em>should be used, as in examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the table above. The justification for adding alif wasl<\/em> is that in Arabic starting a word with a sukuun <\/em>is not allowed. Besides, the diacritical mark of alif wasl<\/em> must be Dammah<\/em> if the third letter of the present form diacriticized with it, hence \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f<\/strong> become \u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    b)<\/strong> If the first letter of the remainder verb does not have a sukuun<\/em>, then it becomes the imperative verb, as in 5 in the table, hence from \u064a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0641\u064f <\/strong>\u2018he cleans\u2019 the imperative verb is \u0646\u064e\u0638\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018clean!\u2019 (i.e. the remainder after dropping the \u064a\u064f\u0640 <\/strong>of the present)<\/p>\n

    c)<\/strong> If the first letter of the remainder verb is hamzah<\/em>, then it must be dropped and what remains will constitute the imperative form, as in example 6. The reason why hamzah<\/em> is dropped is that it has a sukuun<\/em>, and if the rule in (a) is applied, then we will have a sequence of alif wasl <\/em>and hamzah<\/em> which, according to the spelling rules, must convert into alif madd<\/em> (i.e. \u0622<\/strong>). This, as a consequence, generates a different word form, that is a noun or the 1st<\/sup> person singular present verb form.<\/p>\n

    d)<\/strong> If the past form of the verb begins with \u0648<\/strong>, which is a weak letter, as in example 7, it is usually dropped in the present prior to adding the \u064a\u0640\u064e <\/strong>of the present. Then the remainder verb after dropping the \u064a\u0640\u064e <\/strong>will constitute the imperative form as 7.<\/p>\n

    e)<\/strong> The final diacritical mark of all imperative verbs that does not end with a weak letter (i.e. \u0627<\/strong>, \u0648<\/strong>, or \u064a<\/strong>) must always be a sukuun<\/em>, as seen in the table of examples. However, if the remainder verb after dropping the \u064a\u0640\u064e<\/strong> of the present has two final sukuun<\/em>s in a sequence, that is the last letter and the one before last, then the one before last must be dropped altogether, as in 8. As a side note, most imperative forms should end in a sukuun<\/em> because it indicates that the action will take place in the future (i.e. after the time of speaking in this case). And on the subject of final diacritical marks on verbs, Dammah<\/em> mean that the action takes place in the present, and fatHah<\/em> means that the action takes place in the future. As for dropping the letter before last, in Arabic a sequence of two sukuun<\/em>s is disallowed; therefore, the first letter in order is always dropped.<\/p>\n

    f)<\/strong> If the remainder verb ends with a weak letter, then it must be dropped, and its corresponding diacritical mark must be put on the preceding letter, as in example 9. (note: the three main diacritical marks are short version of the long vowels, or weak letters, that is fatHah <\/em>correspond for alif<\/em> \u0627<\/strong>, Dammah<\/em> correspond for waw<\/em> \u0648<\/strong>, and kasrah<\/em> correspond for yaa <\/em>\u064a<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

    Negating Orders or Instructions:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

    The above derivations show how to make a positive imperative form. To command or instruct someone not to do something, we use the 3rd<\/sup> person masculine singular present form following these steps:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Since we give orders\/instructions to the person we are talking to (i.e. the second person), we change \u064a\u0640\u064e <\/strong>of the present, which refers to the 3rd<\/sup> person, to \u062a\u064e\u0640 <\/strong>which is a prefix for the second person, hence \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f <\/strong>becomes \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f<\/strong>,<\/li>\n
    2. We use the negative particle \u0644\u0627 <\/strong>before the new form,<\/li>\n
    3. The same changes that occurs with positive imperative occur with the negative, expect for the dropping of the \u064a\u0640\u064e <\/strong>which is replaced by \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/strong>, hence the negative imperative forms of the examples in the table are as follows:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064d <\/strong>past<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong> present<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/span> imperative<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u060c \u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e <\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0640<\/strong>\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u064f <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 <\/strong><\/span>\u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0652<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e \u060c \u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u0640<\/strong>\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0633\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064f <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 <\/strong><\/span>\u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0633\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0639\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0631\u0652 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e \u060c \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0652<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e \u060c \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0640\u062d\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0640<\/span>\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0640<\/span>\u062d\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0631\u0652<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e \u060c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e <\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064f <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0640<\/span>\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0652 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u064e \u060c \u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u0640<\/strong>\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f \u060c \u064a\u0640\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0623\u062e\u064f\u0630\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640\u0640<\/span>\u0623\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0652<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e \u060c \u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u062f\u064f<\/strong>\u00a0\u060c \u064a\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0636\u064e\u0639\u0652 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u060c \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e <\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064f <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u0640<\/span>\u0640\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0628\u0650\u0639\u0652 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0637\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0649 \u060c \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064f \u060c \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0637\u0652\u0648\u0650 \u060c \u0644\u0627<\/span> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span>\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      The justification behind retaining the same internal and final changes of positive imperative form is that grammatically imperative forms are assigned the jussive case (i.e. sukuun<\/em>) because they are to take place after the time of speaking. Other irregularities mentioned above also apply here.<\/p>\n

      Imperative forms with 2nd<\/sup> person feminine singular, 2nd<\/sup> person masculine and feminine dual, and 2nd<\/sup> person masculine and feminine plural along other imperative forms will be covered in the next post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

      To give orders or instructions in Arabic, full verbs in the imperative form are used. \u00a0In Arabic, \u2018order\u2019 is \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631 and its plural is \u0623\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0631 and \u2018instruction\u2019 is \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647 and its plural is \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a. A full verb is the verb that indicates an action, as \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e \u2018to play\u2019, \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u2018to write\u2019, \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e \u2018to promise\u2019 and…<\/p>\n

      Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":15299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3525,6],"tags":[462729,462730,462731,83,408445,462727],"class_list":["post-15298","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic-language","category-grammar","tag-derivation-of-imperative","tag-giving-instructions-in-arabic","tag-giving-orders-in-arabic","tag-imperative","tag-negative-imperative","tag-positive-imperative"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15298"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15303,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298\/revisions\/15303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}