{"id":15354,"date":"2018-02-22T08:56:35","date_gmt":"2018-02-22T08:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=15354"},"modified":"2018-03-09T12:47:28","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T12:47:28","slug":"how-to-order-and-make-suggestions-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/how-to-order-and-make-suggestions-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Order and Make Suggestions in Arabic (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a previous post<\/a>, I showed how to give orders\/instructions in Arabic. We almost always use the imperative form of the verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong> which is derived from the present form of the 3rd<\/sup> person singular masculine. This post focuses on conjugating the imperative form with the 2nd<\/sup> person singular feminine, dual, and plural. Also, it shows other forms of making suggestions. This includes how to use the present to give an order or form a suggestion.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2nd<\/sup> Person Feminine Singular \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

For the 2nd<\/sup> person feminine singular, to drive the imperative form of the verb, we simple add \u0640\u064a <\/strong>(which is the corresponding attached pronoun for \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650<\/strong>) to the end of the imperative form of the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine singular, as you can see in the table above. Hence:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0636\u064e\u0639\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0636\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2026. and so forth.<\/p>\n

The diacritical mark on the letter of \u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652<\/strong>, \u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong>, and \u0636\u064e\u0639\u0652<\/strong> changes from sukuun <\/em>to kasrah <\/em>due to the \u0640\u064a<\/strong>, which always triggers the placement of kasrah <\/em>on the letter before in all Arabic words.<\/p>\n

One obvious irregularity is the forms of \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 <\/strong>and \u0628\u0650\u0639\u0652 <\/strong>which become \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a <\/strong>and \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0650\u064a<\/strong>. The reason for this is that the original form of \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 <\/strong>with the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine singular is \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0652<\/strong>, and due to the having two sukuuns <\/em>in a row, the rule stipulates that the first letter with sukuun <\/em>must be dropped altogether, thus \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0652 <\/strong>becomes \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In the case of the 2nd<\/sup> person feminine singular, the diacritical mark on the \u0644 <\/strong>in \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0652 <\/strong>becomes kasrah <\/em>instead of sukuun<\/em> due to the \u0640\u064a<\/strong>; therefore, it cannot be dropped, and the final form becomes \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The same process of derivation can be applied with other similar verbs and with \u0628\u0650\u0639\u0652 <\/strong>which is originally \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0652 <\/strong>and then the \u0640\u064a\u0652\u0640 <\/strong>is dropped due to the two sukuun<\/em>s; after adding the \u0640\u064a <\/strong>of the 2nd<\/sup> person feminine singular, the diacritic on the \u0639\u0652 <\/strong>changes to kasrah <\/em>\u0639\u0650<\/strong>, so the \u0640\u064a\u0652\u0640 <\/strong>of \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0652 <\/strong>is retained, and the final form becomes \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0650\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

2nd<\/sup> Person Dual \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

As in the table above, to derive the imperative form for the 2nd<\/sup> person dual, we simply add \u0640\u0627 <\/strong>(i.e. the alif <\/em>of the dual) to the end of the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine singular form. Hence:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> become \u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2026. and so forth.<\/p>\n

As for the internal diacritics, the final letter of the verb gets fatHah <\/em>in the place of the sukuun <\/em>due to the alif <\/em>(i.e. alif <\/em>always triggers fatHah<\/em> on every letter that occurs before it). Another obvious change is that in the case \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0627 <\/strong>and \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>and other similar verbs the dropped \u0648 <\/strong>and \u064a <\/strong>are retained due the change in diacritical marks, just as is the case with the 2nd<\/sup> person feminine singular.<\/p>\n

2nd<\/sup> Person Masculine Plural \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

For the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine plural, we add \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>(i.e. masculine plural marker\/ending) to the end of the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine singular verb. Also, we substitute DHammah <\/em>for sukuun <\/em>due to the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>(which triggers DHammah<\/em> on every letter occurring before it). Hence:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0631\u0652<\/strong> become \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2026. and so forth.<\/p>\n

As for the retention of \u0648 <\/strong>and \u0640\u064a\u0640 <\/strong>in \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u00a0<\/strong>and \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 <\/strong>and other similar verbs, it is due to the change in the internal diacritical marks. That is, in the original form \u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0652<\/strong>, the \u0644\u0652 <\/strong>has sukuun <\/em>but after adding the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>of the plural to it, it becomes \u0644\u064f<\/strong>, so the \u0648\u0652 <\/strong>is retained, and so is the case with \u0640\u064a\u0652\u0640<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Also, you may wonder what the \u0627 <\/strong>(the alif<\/em>) after the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>of the plural is for. It is called the differentiating alif <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. That is, it distinguishes between the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>that is part of the verb and the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>that is the plural suffix. For example, in the verbs \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648 <\/strong>\u2018he calls\/invites\u2019 and \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0648 <\/strong>\u2018he hopes\u2019, the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>is part of the verb. However, in the verbs \u064a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/strong>, \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/strong>, and \u0627\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627<\/strong>, the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>is a plural suffix (ending), so an alif <\/em>is added after it to signify that the \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>is a plural ending, not part of the verb.<\/p>\n

2nd<\/sup> Person Feminine Plural \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

For this person, we simply add its ending, which is \u0646\u064e<\/strong>, to the end of the 2nd<\/sup> person masculine singular form. Hence:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> becomes \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652<\/strong> become \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650<\/strong> becomes \u0627\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong>(\u0640\u064a\u0652\u0640 <\/strong>is retained) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026. and so forth.<\/p>\n

Making Suggestions:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

To make a suggestion in Arabic, we use certain particles \u0623\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a <\/strong>with the present or imperative form of verbs. These are \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e<\/strong>, \u0647\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, \u0644\u0650\u0640<\/strong>, and \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652<\/strong>.<\/p>\n