{"id":15406,"date":"2018-02-27T10:21:01","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T10:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=15406"},"modified":"2018-03-09T12:46:59","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T12:46:59","slug":"arabic-nominal-sentence-the-predicate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-nominal-sentence-the-predicate\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Nominal Sentence: The Predicate"},"content":{"rendered":"

In an earlier post, you learned that the nominal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>gets it name from the word with which it starts\u2014a noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645<\/strong>. It has two parts the subject <\/em>or topic <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>and the predicate <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. The first is derived from \u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>\u2018to start with\u2019 and the second from \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to tells something about someone\/something else.\u2019 So, the \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>depends on the \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong>, i.e. no \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>without a \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong>. The \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>mostly comes second, and it has different forms. This post is about the Types of Predicate<\/em> \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0623 <\/strong>is always a noun <\/em>\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645<\/strong>, and is almost always definite <\/em>\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. If indefinite <\/em>\u0646\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, it consequently comes second in the sentence as elaborated up earlier. The \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>, on the other hand, can be an indefinite single noun<\/em> \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong>, a semi-sentence <\/em>\u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, a verbal sentence <\/em>\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, or another embedded nominal sentence<\/em> \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The Single Predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> is a single-word (not singular) predicate. This word is a noun that is essentially derived from a verb. Take the word \u0646\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u062d <\/strong>\u2018successful\u2019 which is derived from the verb \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to succeed\u2019 and the word \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628 <\/strong>\u2018 a student \/ a requester\u2019 which derived from \u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to request\u2019. This type of nouns is called \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>\u2018active participle noun.\u2019<\/p>\n

Active Participle noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>: <\/u><\/p>\n

It is the noun that indicates the doer of the action. It is derived from verb that has three consonants by adding alif <\/em>after the first letter, hence it is \u0646\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u062d<\/strong>, \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628<\/strong>, \u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>from \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e<\/strong>, \u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong>, and \u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong>, respectively. If the verb is composed of more than three consonants, it has a different derivation. Another post will deal with this.<\/p>\n

This single-word predicate can also be a word like \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u2018written\u2019, \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u2018broken\u2019, and \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0645 <\/strong>\u2018known\u2019 which are derived from \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to write\u2019, \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to break\u2019, and \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to know.\u2019 This type of noun is called \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644 <\/strong>\u2018passive participle noun.\u2019<\/p>\n

Passive Participle Noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: <\/u><\/p>\n

It is the noun that indicates the receiver of the action, i.e. what is acted upon. It is derived from the verb that is composed of the three letters by adding \u0645\u0640 <\/strong>at the beginning and \u0640\u0648 <\/strong>before the last letter, hence \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong>, \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong>, and \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The single-word predicate may also be a word like \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018big\u2019, \u0635\u064e\u063a\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 <\/strong>\u2018small\/little\u2019, and \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>\u2018fat\/plump\u2019 which are derived from \u0643\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to become big\u2019, \u0635\u064e\u063a\u064f\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to become small\u2019, and \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to become fat\u2019. This type of nouns is called \u0635\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>\u2018adjective that resembles active participle noun.\u2019<\/p>\n

Active Participle Adjective \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>: <\/u><\/p>\n

It is a noun that describes another; therefore, it is known as adjective (though there\u2019s no adjective per se in Arabic, i.e. as a part of speech). It is derived from the verb that \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0645 <\/strong>\u2018intransitive, i.e. does not require an object) by adding \u0640\u064a\u0640 <\/strong>before the last letter of the verb, hence \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to become long\u2019 \u00e0<\/strong> \u0637\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644 <\/strong>\u2018tall\u2019, \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646<\/strong>, \u0642\u064e\u0635\u064f\u0631\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to become short\u2019 \u00e0<\/strong> \u0642\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018short.\u2019 There are other forms of it, but this is the most common.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In (1) and (5) in the table above, \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>and \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631 <\/strong>are both \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. The first is passive participle \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644 <\/strong>and the second is active participle \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>. Here are more examples:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0633 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0633. <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2018the security guard is sitting.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0631.<\/strong> \u2018the glass is broken.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0644 \u0644\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0630.<\/strong> \u2018the food is delicious.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0645\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0631.<\/strong> \u2018the man is drunk.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u2018the room is spacious.\u2019<\/p>\n

The Semi-sentence Predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type of predicate is called \u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647 \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018prepositional\/adverbial phrase\u2019 because it is composed of two or more words that can\u2019t stand alone; that is, it must be combined with \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>to form a meaningful sentence. The first word is either a preposition, such as \u0641\u0650\u064a <\/strong>\u2018in\u2019, \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 <\/strong>\u2018on\u2019, and \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e <\/strong>\u2018under\u2019 or adverb of time such \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645 <\/strong>\u2018day\u2019, \u0635\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d <\/strong>\u2018morning\u2019, and \u0641\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644 <\/strong>\u2018season\u2019. The second word in the phrase is always a noun. Hence, \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a <\/strong>\u2018in the house\u2019, \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018on the table\u2019, \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018under the tree\u2019; \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018the day of Friday\u2019, \u0635\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0633 <\/strong>\u2018Thursday morning\u2019, and \u0641\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641 <\/strong>\u2018the summer season.\u2019<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In (2) and (6) above, \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 <\/strong>\u2018from Yemen\u2019 and \u062f\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0650\u0644 \u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0633 <\/strong>\u2018inside the sitting room\u2019 are both prepositional phrases \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. Here are other examples:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018the computer is on the table.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u2018the ceremony is tonight.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a.<\/strong> \u2018the money is in my pocket.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064e\u062f.<\/strong> \u2018the man is like the lion, courageous.\u2019<\/p>\n

The Verbal Sentence Predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type of predicate is called \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018verbal sentence<\/a>\u2019 because it starts with a verb in which an implicit subject is embedded and refers to the \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/strong>. Its verb can be past tense \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064d (\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a) <\/strong>or present tense \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong>. The verb can be followed by other words that add more meaning to the sentence.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In (3) and (7) above, \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0645 \u00a0<\/strong>and \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>are both present tense verbs. They are both followed by an object <\/em>\u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong>, that is \u0648\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018follower\u2019 and \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u064e\u062a <\/strong>\u2018Qat leaves\u2019 (Qat is a tree that most Yemenis chew its leaves for relaxation and passing time with others.\u2019 Here are other examples:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0630 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633.<\/strong> \u2018the teacher explained the lesson.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0641 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0631 \u063a\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/strong> \u2018the physician will come tomorrow.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062e\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u2018my brother speaks German.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0633.<\/strong> \u2018my friend travelled yesterday.\u2019<\/p>\n

The Nominal Sentence Predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type of predicate is called \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>because it starts with another \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>called \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0623 \u062b\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d (\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a) <\/strong>as explained in an earlier post<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In (4) and (8), \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0632 <\/strong>\u2018his work is excellent\u2019 and \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0626\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018his reputation is bad\u2019 constitute separate nominal sentence inserted inside the main. In \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0632<\/strong>, \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0647 <\/strong>\u00e0 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>and \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0632 <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. Similarly, \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647 <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>and \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0626\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>is \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>. Here are more examples:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628 \u062e\u064e\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644.<\/strong> \u2018the student, his handwriting is beautiful.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629.<\/strong> \u2018Yemen, its problem is complicated.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0631.<\/strong> \u2018the cucumber, its color is green.\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

In an earlier post, you learned that the nominal sentence \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 gets it name from the word with which it starts\u2014a noun \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645. It has two parts the subject or topic \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 and the predicate \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631. The first is derived from \u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 \u2018to start with\u2019 and the second from \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e \u2018to tells something about…<\/p>\n

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