{"id":15859,"date":"2018-04-24T07:02:22","date_gmt":"2018-04-24T07:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=15859"},"modified":"2018-04-24T07:02:48","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T07:02:48","slug":"what-is-arabic-sentence-parsing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/what-is-arabic-sentence-parsing\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Arabic Sentence Parsing?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arabic sentence parsing<\/em> is called \u0625\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong>. It is a change in the way final letters of words, namely nouns and verbs, are assigned diacritical marks which are called parsing marks <\/em>\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong>. They are \u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>fatHah<\/em>, \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong> DHammah<\/em>, \u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong> kasrah<\/em>, and \u0633\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>sukuun<\/em>. They have a grammatical value and cause a slight change in pronunciation. Their addition is caused by the function of the word in the sentence and the precedence with certain particles. This post explains a few basic rules on how to correctly assign parsing marks and their grammatical importance.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(1) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639 \u2018nominative mark\u2019<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

When a word that is a singular noun or a singular form of the present tense is assigned DHammah<\/em>, it is called nominative<\/em> \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0639<\/strong>. The noun that is a subject <\/em>\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/a> <\/strong>or a topic <\/em>\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623<\/a> <\/strong>is always \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0639<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0640\u0644\u064c<\/span> \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0646.<\/strong><\/td>\n.An old man came<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f<\/span> \u0644\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0630\u064c.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The soup is delicious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064f<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The girl slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0640\u064e\u062f\u064c<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.There is a lion under the tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In assigning the DHammah<\/em> to the subject <\/em>and the topic<\/em>, we have more flexibility in structuring Arabic sentence rather than following the rigid sequence that stipulates that the subject<\/em> must follow the verb<\/em> and the object <\/em>must come after the subject<\/em>. In other words, we can structure sentence more freely because we know which is a subject and which is an object from the final parsing mark.<\/p>\n

Similarly, the present tense singular form of the verb that is not preceded by a particle, such as \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018will not\u2019 or \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018did not\u2019, among others, must be \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0639<\/strong>, i.e. assigned DHammah <\/em>(i.e. be in the indicative mood), as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0640\u062d\u064f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The dog is barking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0645\u064f<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/strong><\/td>\n.My brother speaks Urdu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0640\u0638\u064f<\/span> \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/td>\n.I wake up early<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0640\u0644\u064f<\/span> \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/td>\n.We work in a software company<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The verb that is in the indicative mood (\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0639<\/strong>) implies that the action takes place in the present time; that is, it expresses a habit or an event that is happening at the time of speaking.<\/p>\n

Hence, the \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>DHammah <\/em>is the nominative mark<\/em> \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639<\/strong>. It is used with singular nouns and the singular form of present tense verbs. Dual and plurals forms of nouns and verbs are marked differently since they carry the number marking.<\/p>\n

(2) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628 \u2018accusative mark\u2019<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This mark is assigned to both nouns and verbs. Singular nouns that are in an object <\/em>position, i.e. \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/strong>, or follow certain particles, such as \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e <\/strong>and its sisters <\/em>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/a><\/strong> (which are particles use with the nominal sentence and change the parsing mark<\/em> of the topic <\/em>\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>to become accusative instead of nominative) are always assigned fatHah<\/em>, and hence called \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628 <\/strong>(accusative), as in these examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.I drank the water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/span> \u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The war is indeed destructive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0651\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0623\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The cat ate a rat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0640\u062f\u064e<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The bull killed the lion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Besides ease and spontaneity in pronunciation, by having parsing<\/em> marks<\/em> assigned we know who does what regardless of the word order. Take the last sentence above (\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e<\/strong>). When parsing marks<\/em> are assigned properly, it can be written in four different ways while the same meaning is maintained:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Singular form of present tense verbs that are precedes by certain particles, such as \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018to\u2019, \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018will not\u2019, \u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652 <\/strong>\u2018in order to\u2019, and \u0644\u0640 <\/strong>\u2018to, so as to\u2019, are assigned fatHah <\/em>\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/span> \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/strong><\/td>\n.She wants to be \/ become a doctor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e.<\/strong><\/td>\n.I will not drink liquor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0648\u0652\u0632\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0628\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0640\u0644\u064e<\/span> \u0628\u0650\u062c\u0650\u062f\u0651.<\/strong><\/td>\n.To win you must work diligently<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0644\u064e<\/span> \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/strong><\/td>\n.Ali went to the club to meet his friend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Assigning the singular form of the present verb a fatHah<\/em> means that it is in the subjunctive<\/em> mood<\/em>. Grammatically, it means that the action the verb describes happens in the future.<\/p>\n

Dual and plural forms of nouns and verbs are marked differently due to the number marking on them.<\/p>\n

(3) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0651 \u2018genitive mark\u2019<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

The genitive mark <\/em>is \u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>kasrah<\/em>, and the noun to which it is assigned is called \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631<\/strong> (i.e. have a genitive mark). It is assigned to nouns only, namely second nouns of genitive construction<\/a><\/em>. It is a phrasal construction in which the first word can be a preposition, an adverb, or an indefinite noun and the second word is almost always a definite noun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650<\/span> \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064c.<\/strong><\/td>\n.The teacher\u2019s books are new<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.I sat under the tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0629\u0650<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064c \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c.<\/strong><\/td>\n.There a big stadium in the university<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0628\u0650<\/span>.<\/strong><\/td>\n.This is the doctor\u2019s house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Grammatically, marking a noun as \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631 <\/strong>means that another noun, a preposition, or adverb is attributed to it, that is it gets it meaning from it.<\/p>\n

(4) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0645 \u2018jussive mark\u2019<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

The jussive mark <\/em>is \u0633\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0648\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>sukuun<\/em>. It is assigned to singular forms of the present tense that are precede by certain particles, such as \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 <\/strong>and \u0644\u0627<\/strong>, and to singular forms of the imperative. The verb to which it is assigned is called jussive mood<\/em> \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0640\u0631\u0652<\/span> \u062c\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/td>\n.He didn\u2019t study well<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0640\u0633\u0652<\/span> \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627.<\/strong><\/td>\n!Sit here<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0640\u062d\u0652<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062f\u064c.<\/strong><\/td>\n.Don\u2019t open the window, for it\u2019s cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/span> \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a.<\/strong><\/td>\n.Don\u2019t be sad, my friend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The grammatical meaning of jussive mood<\/em> is that the action of the verb takes place in the future, i.e. after the time of speaking.<\/p>\n

Hence, parsing <\/em>in Arabic is assigning a diacritical (parsing<\/em>) mark to the end of nouns and verbs. Parsing marks <\/em>are \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, and \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646<\/strong>. The DHammah <\/em>is the nominative mark, the fatHah <\/em>is the accusative mark, the kasrah<\/em> is the genitive mark, and the sukuun<\/em> is the jussive mark. Assigning them properly makes Arabic speech more natural and spontaneous; besides, they are grammatically significant as they make the structuring of sentence less rigid and make the mood of verbal sentence unambiguous.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

Arabic sentence parsing is called \u0625\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628. It is a change in the way final letters of words, namely nouns and verbs, are assigned diacritical marks which are called parsing marks \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628. They are \u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0629 fatHah, \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 DHammah, \u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629 kasrah, and \u0633\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646 sukuun. They have a grammatical value and cause a slight change in pronunciation…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":15860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,11,13],"tags":[3531,512606,462720,512605,512607],"class_list":["post-15859","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","category-pronunciation","category-vocabulary","tag-arabic","tag-final-diacritical-marks","tag-parsing","tag-parsing-marks","tag-sentence-parsing"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t