{"id":16061,"date":"2018-06-23T13:09:16","date_gmt":"2018-06-23T13:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=16061"},"modified":"2018-06-23T13:09:16","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T13:09:16","slug":"relative-clauses-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/relative-clauses-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"Relative Clauses in Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"

A relative clause is a clause (i.e. part of a sentence that does make a complete meaning) that begins with a relative pronoun. It is also called adjective clause. It functions as an adjective because it provides more information (i.e. describes) the noun or pronoun that come before it. In Arabic, it is called \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629, and the relative pronoun is called \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644. This post is about Arabic relative pronouns. Also, it provides a systematic explanation of how to form a relative clause as part of the main clause.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Relative Pronouns \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Relative pronouns in Arabic are two types: special and common. The special relative pronouns are the those that have singular, dual, plural. These are six: \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong>, as listed in the table above. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>and \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>become \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>and \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>in the accusative and genitive cases. The common relative pronouns that has the same form for the singular, dual, and plural. These are \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong> and \u0645\u064e\u0627<\/strong>. The first (\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong>) is used for human, while \u0645\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>is used for non-human.<\/p>\n

What They Refer to:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a <\/strong>is used for human and non-human masculine singular nouns, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the man who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the book which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the dog which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(2) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>is used for human and non-human masculine dual nouns, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two house which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two physicians who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two lions which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0(3) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong>is used for human masculine plural nouns only, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the men who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the men who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(4) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a <\/strong>is used for human and non-human feminine singular nouns as well as for non-human masculine and feminine plural nouns, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the girl who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the books which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the care which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the cars which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the dogs which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(5) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>is used for human and non-human feminine dual nouns, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two cats which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two ladies who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the two tables which\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(6) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a <\/strong>is used for human feminine plural nouns, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the ladies who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2018the female physicians who\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(7) \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/strong>is used for human masculine and feminine singular, dual, and plural nouns. The kind of nouns it refers to is known from the relative clause that follows, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect him who says the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect them who say the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect her who says the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect the two ladies who said the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

If we replace the common relative pronoun in the above sentences with the special ones, they respectively become:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect the one (man) who says the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect the ones (men) who say the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect the one (woman) who says the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0642.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I respect the two (women) who said the truth.\u2019<\/p>\n

(8) \u0645\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>is used for non-human masculine and feminine singular, dual and plural nouns. Like<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/strong>, the noun it refers to is know from the context, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0623\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I read what you wrote (of the articles).\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0644 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 (\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631)\u061f<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018did you hear what they said? (of the news)\u2019<\/p>\n

Similarly, if replace \u0645\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>with a special pronoun, the above sentences respectively become:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0623\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e.<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018I read the articles which you wrote.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0644 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627\u061f <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018did you hear the news which they said.\u2019<\/p>\n

The Relative Clause \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0635\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0644:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

The relative clause \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0635\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> is the sentence that follows the relative pronoun \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> to specify it and complete its meaning. It can be a verbal sentence, a nominal sentence, or a semi sentence. When verbal or nominal, it must include a pronoun (separate, attached, or implicit) that refer to the relative pronoun. A semi-sentence does not include a pronoun that refers to the relative pronoun.<\/p>\n

Verbal Relative Clause: <\/u><\/p>\n

In each of the sentence below, the verb that follows the relative pronoun includes a pronoun that refers to it (the relative pronoun). In (\u0623<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e<\/strong> includes an implied pronoun \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0631 <\/strong>(i.e. \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e<\/strong>) which refers to \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a<\/strong>. In (\u0628<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u062a\u0652 <\/strong>includes the feminine marker \u062a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0623\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062b<\/strong> (i.e. \u062a<\/strong>) which refers to \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong>. In (\u062c<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>includes \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646<\/strong> \u2018the alif of the dual\u2019 (i.e. \u0627<\/strong>) which goes back to \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. In (\u062f<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>includes the feminine mark (i.e. \u062a<\/strong>) as well as the alif of the dual (i.e. \u0627<\/strong>) both of which go back to \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. In (\u0647\u0640<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0627 <\/strong>includes \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018the waw of the masculine plural\u2019 (i.e. \u0640\u0648\u0627<\/strong>) which goes back to \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong>. In (\u0648<\/strong>), the verb \u0641\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0646\u064e <\/strong>includes \u0646\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018the nuun of the feminine plural\u2019 (i.e. \u0646<\/strong>) which refers to \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

(\u0623<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\/\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018he who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0628<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \/ \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u062a \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018she who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u062c<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the two (male) who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u062f<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the two (female) who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0647\u0640<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018those (male) who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0648<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0629. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018those (female) who won the prize came.\u2019<\/p>\n

Nominal Relative Clause: <\/u><\/p>\n

In each of the sentences below, the relative pronoun is followed by a nominal sentence (i.e. subject\/topic \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623 + <\/strong>predicate \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong>). The topic is a separate pronoun \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>that directly refers to the preceding relative pronoun, that is \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e <\/strong>in (\u0623<\/strong>) refers to \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a<\/strong>; in (\u0628<\/strong>) \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e <\/strong>refers to \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a<\/strong>; and the same goes with the remaining sentence. It is worth noting that this type of sentences is not as common as verbal relative clauses.<\/p>\n

(\u0623<\/strong>) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u062f.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the male student who\u2019s diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0628) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0647\u0650\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the female student who\u2019s diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u062c<\/strong>) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0646. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the two male students who are diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u062f<\/strong>) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018the two female students who are diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0647\u0640<\/strong>) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018the male students who are diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0648<\/strong>) \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018the female students who are diligent passed.\u2019<\/p>\n

Semi-relative Clause: <\/u><\/p>\n

A semi-sentence \/ clause is called \u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>in Arabic. It constitutes a preposition or adverb of place followed by a noun, such as \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a <\/strong>\u2018in the house\u2019 and \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018under the table.\u2019 If it follows the relative pronoun (to form a relative clause), it does not include a referent pronoun, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

(\u0623<\/strong>) \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018I know who is in the room.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u0628<\/strong>) \u062d\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0638\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0628 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Zainab memorized what is in the book.\u2019<\/p>\n

(\u062c<\/strong>) \u0627\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0633 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0643.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2018sit on the chair which is behind you.\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

A relative clause is a clause (i.e. part of a sentence that does make a complete meaning) that begins with a relative pronoun. It is also called adjective clause. It functions as an adjective because it provides more information (i.e. describes) the noun or pronoun that come before it. In Arabic, it is called \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":16062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[3531,6597,35065],"class_list":["post-16061","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","category-vocabulary","tag-arabic","tag-relative-clause","tag-relative-pronouns"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16061"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16065,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16061\/revisions\/16065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}