{"id":16161,"date":"2018-07-03T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T10:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=16161"},"modified":"2018-07-03T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2018-07-03T10:22:54","slug":"deriving-nouns-from-verbs-in-arabic-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/deriving-nouns-from-verbs-in-arabic-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Deriving Nouns from Verbs in Arabic (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

A distinguishing feature of Arabic language is that it is a derivational language. Multiple words are derived from a single root word based specific morphological rules. Using the morphological measure, affixes (suffixes, prefixes, and infixes) are appended to the root word forming news words. For example, form the root \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018write\u2019, we derive \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628<\/strong> \u2018writer\u2019, \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0628<\/strong> \u2018letter\u2019, \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018writing\u2019, and \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628<\/strong> \u2018office.\u2019 This post is about how to derive two types of nouns: the active participle \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong> and the exaggerated form of active participle \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Active Participle \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Generally, the active participle (AP) is derived from conjugatable active verbs to indicate the doer of the action that happens at a specific point of time, just as the noun writer<\/em> in English is derived from the verb write<\/em>. For example, if we say \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628 \u0631\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>\u2018Mohmmed writes a letter,\u2019 the AP of this action is \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628<\/strong> \u2018Mohammed is a writer.\u2019 Certain rules are to be adhered to when doing the derivation, as follow:<\/p>\n

Tri-consonantal Verbs: <\/u><\/p>\n

When derived from tri-consonantal sound verb (i.e. the verb that does not include a weak letter\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2014\u0627<\/strong>, \u0648<\/strong>, \u064a<\/strong>), the AP is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>. That is, we add alif<\/em> after the fa\u2019a <\/em>of the word, hence \u0643\u064e\u0640\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to write,\u2019 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to sit,\u2019 and \u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to request\u2019 become \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628<\/strong>, \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0633<\/strong>, and \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

If the verb includes initial hamzah<\/em> \u0623<\/strong>, it combines with the alif<\/em> of the AP and becomes maddah <\/em>\u0622<\/strong>, so \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to take\u2019 becomes \u0622\u062e\u0650\u0630 <\/strong>and \u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to eat\u2019 become \u0622\u0643\u0650\u0644<\/strong>. If the hamzah<\/em> is medial, it is written as \u0626\u0640<\/strong>, hence \u0633\u064e\u0623\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to ask\u2019 becomes \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644<\/strong>. If the hamzah<\/em> is final, it is written as \u0626<\/strong>, hence \u0642\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0623 <\/strong>becomes \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0626<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

If the tri-consonantal verb includes a weak letter, the following procedure is followed. Verbs with initial weak letters, such as \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to arrive,\u2019 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to find,\u2019 and \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to promise,\u2019 undergo no change; hence, their respective APs are \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0644<\/strong>, \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u062f<\/strong>, and \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u062f<\/strong>. If the weak letter is medial, it generally changes to hamzah <\/em>\u0626\u0640 <\/strong>in the AP, hence \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to say\u2019; \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to sleep\u2019; and \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e <\/strong>\u2018to fear\u2019 become \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644<\/strong>, \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645<\/strong>, and \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0641<\/strong>. If the weak letter is final, it is dropped from the AP in the nominative and genitive case, so \u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 <\/strong>\u2018to run\u2019; \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0649 <\/strong>\u2018to throw\u2019; and \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0649 <\/strong>\u2018to protect\u2019 become \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064d<\/strong>, \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064d<\/strong>, and \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064d<\/strong>, but retained in the accusative case, hence \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>, \u0631\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>, and \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Non-tri-consonantal Verbs: <\/u><\/p>\n

If the verb is not tri-consonantal, the AP is derived from the imperfective form of the verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong> by replacing the \u064a\u0640 <\/strong>of the imperfective form with \u0645\u064f <\/strong>(with DHammah<\/em>) and adding a kasrah <\/em>to pre-final letter, hence \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f <\/strong>becomes \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f<\/strong>; \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 <\/strong>\u2018to speak\u2019 becomes \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645<\/strong>; \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u062f <\/strong>\u2018to be ready\u2019 become \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u062f<\/strong>; \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0631 <\/strong>\u2018to seek forgiveness\u2019 becomes \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0631<\/strong>; \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f <\/strong>\u2018to benefit\u2019 (from \u0623\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e<\/strong>) becomes \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f<\/strong>; and so forth.<\/p>\n

Following are additional example of AP from tri-consonantal verbs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to thank\u2019<\/td>\n\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to make\/manufacture\u2019<\/td>\n\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to explain\u2019<\/td>\n\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to go\u2019<\/td>\n\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to sell\u2019<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0640\u0627<\/strong> changes to \u0626\u0640<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to hit\u2019<\/td>\n\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to cut\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u2018to call\u2019<\/td>\n\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064d<\/strong> \/ \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\nthe ya’a\u00a0<\/em>is dropped in genitive and nominative, but not in accusative.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to overcome\u2019<\/td>\n\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to go out\u2019<\/td>\n\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0633\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to frown\u2019<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Following are additional examples of AP from non-tri-consonantal verbs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to cause to exit\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to educate oneself\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to blame\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to extract\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to receive\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to box (sport)\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to review, revise\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to protect\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to participate\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to surrender\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Exaggerated Form of Active Participle \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type of AP is derived from the tri-consonantal verb only. It describes the doer who does a lot of one thing (i.e. does something repeatedly). It has five morphological measures: \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>, \u0645\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>, \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong>, \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, and \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

(1) \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n

This exaggerated form of AP is the most commonly used in Arabic, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\nSimple AP \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\nExaggerated AP \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to eat\u2019<\/td>\n\u0622\u0643\u0650\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u2018one who eats a lot.\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to sleep\u2019<\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u2018one who sleeps a lot.\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u2018to walk\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0634\u064d \u060c \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u2018one who walks a lot.\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to forgive\u2019<\/td>\n\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u063a\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u2018one who forgives a lot.\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(2) \u0645\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n

The \u0645\u0650 <\/strong>has kasrah <\/em>and the \u0641\u0652 <\/strong>has sukuun<\/em>. While all APs forms are changed into feminine by adding the feminine marker, i.e. \u0640\u0629 <\/strong>al-ta\u2019a al-marbuuTah<\/em>, the same form of this type of exaggerate AP is used for both masculine and feminine, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\nSimple AP \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\nExaggerated AP \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to hear\u2019<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to prattle\u2019<\/td>\n\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0652\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to come forward\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u2018bold, fearless\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(3) \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n

This is another commonly used form of exaggerate AP. And the same form is used for both masculine and feminine (i.e. no need to add the feminine marker), as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\nSimple AP \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\nExaggerated AP \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to thank\u2019<\/td>\n\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be patient\u2019<\/td>\n\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0635\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0642\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to say the truth\u2019<\/td>\n\u0635\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(4) \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Unlike the above two Aps, this is made feminine by adding the feminine marker. It is not as common in the language, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\nSimple AP \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\nExaggerated AP \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to become familiar\u2019<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be able to\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to know well\u2019<\/td>\n\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(5) \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type is fairly common in everyday Arabic. It is made feminine by adding \u0640\u0629 <\/strong>ta\u2019a marbuuTah<\/em>. Also, a simple AP cannot be derived from this type of root verbs, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\nSimple AP \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\nExaggerated AP \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be happy at\u2019<\/td>\n—<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0642\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be tactful\u2019<\/td>\n— <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0631\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be cautious\u2019<\/td>\n—<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062d\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to worry\u2019<\/td>\n—<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0638\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be vigilant\u2019<\/td>\n—<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0638<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0633\u064e<\/strong> \u2018to be ill-tempered\u2019<\/td>\n—<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The adjective that resembles the AP \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>will be explained in the next post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

A distinguishing feature of Arabic language is that it is a derivational language. Multiple words are derived from a single root word based specific morphological rules. Using the morphological measure, affixes (suffixes, prefixes, and infixes) are appended to the root word forming news words. For example, form the root \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u2018write\u2019, we derive \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628 \u2018writer\u2019…<\/p>\n

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