{"id":16169,"date":"2018-07-05T10:30:15","date_gmt":"2018-07-05T10:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=16169"},"modified":"2018-07-05T10:30:15","modified_gmt":"2018-07-05T10:30:15","slug":"broken-plural-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/broken-plural-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"Broken Plural in Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a previous post<\/a>, you learned that Arabic plural nouns are three forms: sound masculine plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645<\/strong>, sound feminine plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645<\/strong>, and broken plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong>. The first two are regular because their formation entail adding a suffix (i.e. \u0648\u0646 <\/strong>and \u0627\u062a<\/strong>, respectively) to the end of the singular without a change in the form and diacritics of the singular. In this post, you will learn about broken plurals. A good many broken plurals are based on hearing; however, the majority are rule-based. Since there are many rules, only the most common patterns will be highlighted in this post.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Why Broken?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

This type of plural is called broken because its singular is not kept sound (i.e. it is broken). The brokenness that the singular undergoes is a change diacritical marks, al-Harakat<\/em>, adding a letter, or dropping a letter. Take the word \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628 <\/strong>\u2018book\u2019. Its plural is \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0628 <\/strong>in which the three root letters \u0643 + \u062a + \u0628 <\/strong>of the singular are kept; however, the alif <\/em>is dropped and the Harakat<\/em> changes from kasrah<\/em> and fatHah <\/em>in \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong> to DHammah <\/em>and DHammah<\/em> in \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0628<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Similarly, in the word \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 <\/strong>\u2018heart\u2019, the three root letters are kept in the plural which is \u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong>. However, in the plural we can see that the Harakat <\/em>on the first two letter change from fatHah <\/em>and sukuun<\/em> to DHammah <\/em>and DHammah<\/em>. Besides, a letter is added the singular, that is \u0648<\/strong>, hence \u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

This kind of brokenness or change does not happen with the sound masculine and feminine plurals. Take the word \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0633 \/ \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>as an example. When changing them into the plural form, no change happens to the diacritics of the singular, and no addition or dropping of letters occurs except for the plural suffix, hence \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>and \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Types of Broken Plurals:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

There are two types of broken plurals: plural of a few \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, i.e. from three to ten, and plural of many\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>, from three to infinity. The irregularity and complexity of this type of plural, is resolved, to a great extent, by using the morphological measure. Weighing the singular noun (see the Arabic Morphological Measure<\/a>) helps in forming it plural. For the plural of a few, there are four main morphological patterns: \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0644<\/strong>, \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>, \u0623\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, and \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. For the plural of many, there are around twenty-five patterns, of the which only the most common will be explained.<\/p>\n

Plural-of-a-few Patterns: <\/u><\/p>\n

(1) Every singular noun that is weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, its \u2018ain <\/em>(\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong>) is not a weak letter (i.e. \u0648 \u060c \u0627 \u060c \u064a<\/strong>), its fa\u2019a <\/em>(\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong>) is not a waw <\/em>\u0648<\/strong>, and its second and third letter isn\u2019t a geminate (i.e. a letter with shaddah<\/em>), its plural is weighed as \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Singular noun \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(broken) Plural noun \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018sea\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064f\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018river\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0631 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633<\/strong> \u2018soul, self, person\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644<\/strong> \u2018rope\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0638\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a<\/strong> \u2018deer\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a \/ \u0623\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0628\u064d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(2) The following tri-consonantal nouns are weighed as \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

(a) Nouns in which \u2018ain<\/em> (i.e. the \u2018ain of the word \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong>) is a weak letter (i.e. \u0627<\/strong>, \u0648<\/strong>, \u064a<\/strong>), as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u2018garment\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong> \u2018house\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong> \u2018door\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a<\/strong> \u2018voice, sound\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f<\/strong> \u2018Eid\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(b) Nouns in which fa\u2019a <\/em>(i.e. the fa\u2019a of the word \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong>) is a waw <\/em>\u0648<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a<\/strong> \u2018time\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0641<\/strong> \u2018description\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0646<\/strong> \u2018weight\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(c) Nouns in which the last two letters form a geminate, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064e\u062f\u0651<\/strong> \u2018grandfather\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062f <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651<\/strong> \u2018uncle\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0651<\/strong> \u2018hill\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(d) Nouns in which \u2018ain <\/em>(\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong>) has a diacritical mark other than sukuun<\/em>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645<\/strong> \u2018flag, great person\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644<\/strong> \u2018camel\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0631<\/strong> \u2018tiger\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0641<\/strong> \u2018shoulder\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0628<\/strong> \u2018grape\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0642<\/strong> \u2018neck\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(3) Four-letter noun in which the pre-final letter is \u0627<\/strong>, \u0648<\/strong>, or \u064a<\/strong> are weighed as \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u2018food\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064e\u063a\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641<\/strong> \u2018loaf\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u063a\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062f<\/strong> \u2018post, pillar\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Plural-of-many Patterns: <\/u><\/p>\n

As indicated above for this type of plural there are around twenty-five patters. Here, only the most commonly used patterns are highlighted.<\/p>\n

(1) Every adjective that is weighed on the morphological measure as \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644 <\/strong>or \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/strong>, its plural is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631<\/strong> \u2018red (masculine)\u2019<\/td>\n\u062d\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u2018red (feminine)\u2019<\/td>\n\u062d\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631<\/strong> \u2018brown\/tan\u201d masc.<\/td>\n\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u2018brown\/tan\u2019 fem.<\/td>\n\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0631<\/strong> \/ \u062e\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>\u2018green\u2019<\/td>\n\u062e\u064f\u0636\u0652\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

If the \u2018ain <\/em>of \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644 <\/strong>is \u064a <\/strong>as in \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636<\/strong>, the fa\u2019a <\/em>of the plural must have kasrah<\/em> (instead of DHammah<\/em>), hence the plural of \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636 <\/strong>and \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>is \u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0636<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

(2) Nouns that are weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629 <\/strong>and adjectives that are weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, their plural is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018room\u2019<\/td>\n\u063a\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018village\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018balcony\u2019<\/td>\n\u0634\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u2018small\u2019<\/td>\n\u0635\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649<\/strong> \u2018big\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(3) If a noun is weighed as \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, its plural is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018a piece of sth\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u0650\u062d\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018beard\u2019<\/td>\n\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018novelty, heresy\u2019<\/td>\n\u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(4) If a noun is a human masculine weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong>, its plural is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628<\/strong> \u2018writer\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0631<\/strong> \u2018magician\u2019<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644<\/strong> \u2018killer\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0639<\/strong> \u2018seller\u2019<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(5) If an adjective indicates pain or an ordeal and is weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, its plural is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0636<\/strong> \u2018sick\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062d<\/strong> \u2018wounded\u2019<\/td>\n\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018captive\u2019<\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062a<\/strong> \u2018dead\u2019<\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(6) The plural of the following nouns and adjective is morphologically weighed as \u0641\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

(a) Nouns and adjective the \u2018ain <\/em>of which is not \u064a<\/strong> and are weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644 <\/strong>or \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u2018robe\u2019<\/td>\n\u062b\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628 \/ \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018difficult\u2019<\/td>\n\u0635\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0645 \/ \u0636\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018huge\u2019<\/td>\n\u0636\u0650\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(b) Nouns the laam <\/em>of which is neither a weak letter nor a geminate (doubled letter) and are weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644 <\/strong>or \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0644<\/strong> \u2018mountain\u2019<\/td>\n\u062c\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018neck\u2019<\/td>\n\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018fruit\u2019<\/td>\n\u062b\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(c) Nouns that are weighed as \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong> or \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0630\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u2018wolf\u2019<\/td>\n\u0630\u0650\u0626\u0650\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0638\u0650\u0644\u0651<\/strong> \u2018shadow\u2019<\/td>\n\u0638\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064f\u0645\u0652\u062d<\/strong> \u2018arrow\u2019<\/td>\n\u0631\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(d) Adjectives the laam <\/em>of which is not a weak letter and are weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644 <\/strong>or \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e \/ \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018generous\u2019<\/td>\n\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0637\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644 \/ \u0637\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018tall\u2019<\/td>\n\u0637\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641 \/ \u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018humorous\u2019<\/td>\n\u0638\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645 \/ \u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018great\u2019<\/td>\n\u0639\u0650\u0638\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n

(e) Adjectives that are weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646<\/strong>, \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649<\/strong>, or \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0629 <\/strong>\u00a0and does not include a weak letter, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018thirsty\u2019<\/td>\n\u0639\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0634<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018repenting\u2019<\/td>\n\u0646\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u063a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u2018angry\u2019<\/td>\n\u063a\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(7) If nouns are weighed as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, or \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, their plurals are morphologically weighed as \u0641\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644<\/strong>, as in these examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f<\/strong> singular<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639<\/strong> plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628<\/strong> \u2018heart\u2019<\/td>\n\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633<\/strong> \u2018head\u2019<\/td>\n\u0631\u064f\u0624\u064f\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645<\/strong> \u2018science\u2019<\/td>\n\u0639\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0646<\/strong> \u2018prison\u2019<\/td>\n\u0633\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0633<\/strong> \u2018teeth\u2019<\/td>\n\u0636\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062f<\/strong> \u2018few soldiers\u2019<\/td>\n\u062c\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

There are a few more types of broken plural; however, they are not commonly used, and they best strategy to know them is memorization when encountered.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

In a previous post, you learned that Arabic plural nouns are three forms: sound masculine plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645, sound feminine plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645, and broken plural \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631. The first two are regular because their formation entail adding a suffix (i.e. \u0648\u0646 and \u0627\u062a, respectively) to the end of the singular without a…<\/p>\n

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