{"id":16340,"date":"2018-10-17T00:52:10","date_gmt":"2018-10-17T00:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=16340"},"modified":"2018-10-17T00:52:10","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T00:52:10","slug":"arabic-demonstrative-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-demonstrative-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Generally, demonstrative pronouns are words like \u2018this\u2019 and \u2018that\u2019. In Arabic, they are called \u2018demonstrative nouns\u2019 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/strong>. A demonstrative noun by itself is an ambiguous word until defined by a subsequent word. As regards gender, a demonstrative pronoun is either masculine or feminine. As for number, it is either singular, dual, or plural. As to reference, it refers to a noun that is close, a noun that is far, or a noun that is neither close nor far. This post explains all these aspects.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Masculine Demonstrative Nouns:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

The basic masculine singular demonstrative noun in Arabic is \u0630\u0627<\/strong>. The \u0647\u0640 <\/strong>which is added to it to form \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>\u2018this\u2019 is basically for attention drawing. \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>is commonly used in spoken and written form of Arabic, but \u0630\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>is still used in some Arabic dialects. \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>is used to refer to a person, an animal, or an object that is near us, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a.\u00a0 <\/strong>This is an intelligent boy<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This book is for Mohammed<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064d.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a wild dog.<\/p>\n

To refer to a person, an animal, or an object that is fairly far from us, we use \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e<\/strong>. Here, \u0643\u064e<\/strong> is added to the basic masculine singular demonstrative noun to indicate the distance (i.e. fairly far). If we want to refer to someone or something that is too far, we use \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong>. Here, \u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>indicates that the distance is too far (and the alif <\/em>of \u0630\u064e\u0627<\/strong> is dropped for repeated use of the word).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0651\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This man is Yemeni, and that is Egyptian.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064c.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a book, and that is notebook<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u0650\u0637\u0651\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064c.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a cat, and that is a dog.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064d.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This man is a physician, and that is an engineer, and that over there is a lawyer<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0633. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>This is a book, and that is a notebook, and that over there is a dictionary.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062f \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0642\u0650\u0638\u0651.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a lion, and that is a dog, and that over there is a cat.<\/p>\n

From the above examples, it can be induced that \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e<\/strong>, and \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>are the masculine singular demonstrative nouns. Their dual forms are \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>and \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0643 <\/strong>in the nominative form. The accusative and genitive forms are \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646<\/strong> and \u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643<\/strong>. The demonstrative noun \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>does not have a dual form, at least in Modern Standard Arabic usage. The normative forms appear in subject positions, while the accusative and genitive forms appear in object positions, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These two men are from Yemen<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I know these two men<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I work with these two men<\/p>\n

\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Those two men are physicians<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I work with those two men<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0629 \u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>The police killed those two criminals<\/p>\n

It is worth noting that \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>and \u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>are infrequently used in Arabic, and they will probably disappear from Modern Standard Arabic usage.<\/p>\n

In the plural there are two forms: \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 <\/strong>and \u0623\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong>. The first is for people that are near us, and the other is for people far from us. Unlike the dual, the have the same forms regardless of their position in the sentence, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These students are from China<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Those students are from Japan<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I know these engineers.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0633\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I study with those students.<\/p>\n

Feminine Demonstrative Nouns:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

The basic feminine singular demonstrative noun in Arabic is \u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong>. As with the masculine, the \u0647\u0640 <\/strong>which is added to it to form \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 <\/strong>\u2018this\u2019 is basically for attention drawing. \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 <\/strong>is commonly used in spoken and written form of Arabic, but \u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u00a0<\/strong>(or \u0630\u0650\u0647<\/strong>, with sukuun <\/em>over \u0647<\/strong>) is still used in some Arabic dialects. \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 <\/strong>is used to refer to a person, an animal, or an object that is near us. The form of \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647 <\/strong>remain the same regardless of its position in the sentence, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This (female) student is smart<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I live in this building<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is chicken<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I love this girl.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a school<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong> is used to refer to a person or a thing close to us. To refer to a person or a thing that is fairly far, \u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643 <\/strong>can be use. However, it is no longer used in Modern Standard Arabic. If we want to refer to a person or thing that is too far from us, we use \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e<\/strong>. \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e <\/strong>is still common in Modern Arabic use. Like \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong>, the form of \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643 <\/strong>does not change, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a (female) teacher, and that is a (female) physician.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>This is a chicken and that is a duck.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Do not go to that school.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0628\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I will take that bus.<\/p>\n

The dual form of \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u00a0<\/strong>and \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e <\/strong>are \u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>and \u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0643 <\/strong>in the nominative and \u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 <\/strong>and \u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>in the accusative and genitive, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0647\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646.<\/strong> \u00a0<\/strong>These two students are Chinese and those two are Indians.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I danced with those two girls.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f \u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Do you know those two (female) teachers?<\/p>\n

The plural form of the feminine demonstrative nouns is the same as that of the masculine: \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 <\/strong>and \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong>, as in these examples.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0624\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0647\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These (female) students are Chinese, and those are Indians.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I know these ladies.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Do not flirt with those girls.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0633\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Hannah studies with these (female) students.<\/p>\n

Non-human Plural Demonstrative Nouns:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

All plural non-human nouns, regardless of their gender, are referred to using \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong> for things that are close, and \u062a\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e <\/strong>for things that are far, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0650\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These cars are new<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These pens are expensive<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>These are chairs<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Those are desks<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Those dogs are pets \/ domesticated<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0643\u0652 \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Do not move those chairs<\/p>\n

Other Demonstrative Forms:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

To refer to a place, the demonstrative nouns \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e<\/strong>, and \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>are use. \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 <\/strong>for a near <\/em>place, and \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e <\/strong>and \u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/strong>are for a far <\/em>place(s). The number of the noun that follows them does not affect their form, as in these examples:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Here is Cairo.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0649.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Here is a school, and there is a hospital.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062b\u064e\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Here are two chairs, and there are three chairs.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0633.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>I live here, and I study there.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

Generally, demonstrative pronouns are words like \u2018this\u2019 and \u2018that\u2019. In Arabic, they are called \u2018demonstrative nouns\u2019 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629. A demonstrative noun by itself is an ambiguous word until defined by a subsequent word. As regards gender, a demonstrative pronoun is either masculine or feminine. As for number, it is either singular, dual, or plural. As…<\/p>\n

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