{"id":16365,"date":"2018-10-23T01:04:09","date_gmt":"2018-10-23T01:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=16365"},"modified":"2018-10-23T01:04:09","modified_gmt":"2018-10-23T01:04:09","slug":"arabic-attached-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/arabic-attached-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic Attached Pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong> \u2018the pronoun\u2019 in Arabic is either overt or covert. The covert is called \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0631<\/strong>, and it is neither written nor pronounced. The overt is called \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631<\/strong>, and it can be separate \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 <\/strong>or attached \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644<\/strong>. This post is primarily about the attached pronouns in Arabic.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 T<\/strong>he Separate Pronoun:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644<\/strong> \u2018the separate pronoun\u2019 refers to a person, hence called the personal pronoun. There are twelve personal pronouns in Arabic classified into three types: first person, second person, and third person, as summarized below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645<\/strong> first person<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0628<\/strong> second person<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0628<\/strong> third person<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0631<\/strong> <\/span>The Covert Pronoun:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0631<\/strong> \u2018the covert pronoun\u2019 is associated with verbs: the perfective \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a <\/strong>and imperfective \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639 <\/strong>(as well as the imperative \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631<\/strong>).\u00a0Of the twelve separate pronouns, only five pronouns are covert. These are: \u0647\u064f\u0648<\/strong>, \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/strong>, \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f<\/strong>, and \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong>. Of these, \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e\u00a0<\/strong>and \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/strong> do not appear after both the perfective and the imperfective forms of the verb, while \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f<\/strong>, and \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e <\/strong>do not appear after the imperfective forms of the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631<\/strong> the pronoun<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a<\/strong> the perfective<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/strong> the imperfective<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064e*<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631*<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652*<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631*<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631*<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631*<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631*<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In the table above, the asterisk (*) indicates that the subject pronoun of the verb is covert (i.e. implicit).\u00a0Note that the taa\u2019 <\/em>with sukuun <\/em>\u062a\u0652 <\/strong>in \u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 <\/strong>is not a pronoun. Rather, it is the feminine marker.\u00a0 The subjects of the verbs with no asterisk is overt (i.e. attached). In\u00a0\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f<\/strong>, the subject is\u00a0\u062a\u064f<\/strong>; in \u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>, it is\u00a0\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong>; and in \u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong>, it is\u00a0\u062a\u064e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644<\/strong> The attached Pronoun:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Attached pronouns are always added to the end of the word. This word can be a verb, a noun, or a preposition. When added to a verb, it functions as a subject\u00a0\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644<\/strong> or as an object \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644<\/strong>. If added to a noun, it is a possessive pronoun\u00a0\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650<\/strong>. And if appended to a preposition, it functions as an object of a preposition\u00a0\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Subject of Verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Object of Verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Object of Preposition<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064c<\/strong> \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Object of Noun<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>I wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0640\u064a<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>He heard me<\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0640\u0640\u064a<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>with me<\/td>\n\u0643\u0650\u062a\u0650\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u064a<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>my book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>we wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard us<\/td>\n\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0646\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>to us<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>our house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>you (m, s) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she hear you<\/td>\n\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>from you<\/td>\n\u063a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0643\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>your room<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u0650<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>you (f, s) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u0650<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she hear you<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u0650<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>on you<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0643\u0650<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>your watch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>you (d) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard you<\/td>\n\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>with you<\/td>\n\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>your book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>you (p, m) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard you<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>on you<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>your house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>you (p, f) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she hear you<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>on you<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>your house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e* <\/span><\/strong>he wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard him<\/td>\n\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0650<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>by him<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>his pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652* <\/span><\/strong>she wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard her<\/td>\n\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>by her<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>her pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0640\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>both (m, d) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard both<\/td>\n\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>from both of them<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>their pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0640\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>both (f, d) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard both<\/td>\n\u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>from both of them<\/td>\n\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>their pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0640\u0648\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>they (m, p) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard them<\/td>\n\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0650\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>on them<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>their house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0640\u0646\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>they (m, f) wrote<\/td>\n\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>she heard them<\/td>\n\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>from them (f)<\/td>\n\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>their house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m = masculine, s = singular, f = feminine, p = plural, d = dual, * = covert pronoun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

You can download a complete summary of all attached pronouns here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

You can also try this short test<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u2018the pronoun\u2019 in Arabic is either overt or covert. The covert is called \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0631, and it is neither written nor pronounced. The overt is called \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631, and it can be separate \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 or attached \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644. This post is primarily about the attached pronouns in Arabic. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 The Separate Pronoun: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0644 \u2018the separate…<\/p>\n

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