{"id":17193,"date":"2020-03-06T10:51:25","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T10:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=17193"},"modified":"2020-03-05T21:01:12","modified_gmt":"2020-03-05T21:01:12","slug":"relative-pronouns-in-spoken-arabic-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/relative-pronouns-in-spoken-arabic-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Relative pronouns in Spoken Arabic, 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the first part of this post, we started discussing s subtle aspect of Arabic grammar, and that is that of relative pronouns<\/em> \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644. To recap, a relative pronoun is a pronoun that follows a noun in order to elaborate on it and add extra information about it. In the second part of the post, we\u2019re going to learn more about the different ways the relative pronoun \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a Elli<\/em> is used in spoken Arabic.<\/p>\n

\"mosque\"<\/a>

Image by Omar Elsharawy on Unsplash.com<\/p><\/div>\n

In the last blog, we learnt that the grammatical form of Elli<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a in spoken Arabic doesn\u2019t, unlike its equivalents in Standard Arabic, change whether the nouns it\u2019s adding information to is singular<\/u> or plural<\/u>, masculine<\/u> or feminine<\/u>.<\/p>\n

Below are two other interesting aspects of Elli<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

3-<\/strong> Elli<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a is quite general and can be used to any type of nouns (animate or inanimate, things as well as people). Therefore, it is not confined to inanimate objects and things as is the case with \u201cwhich\u201d in English or to people as is the case with the pronoun \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cthat\u201d.<\/p>\n

The following example illustrates this point further:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

(The girls<\/u> who<\/strong> were here)<\/p>\n

il-banaat<\/u>\u00a0 elli<\/strong>\u00a0 kaan-u\u00a0 ho:n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4-<\/strong> Again, Elli <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a can also be used to add extra information about places<\/u> and times<\/u> without any change in its form. However, there are specific English relative pronouns that can only refer to either a place (e.g. where<\/em>) or a time (e.g. when<\/em>).<\/p>\n

In the next two examples, Elli<\/em> is adding information about two different types of nouns; a place \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u201d (the house) and a time \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u201d (the year).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0642\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n

(The house<\/u> where<\/strong> we stayed)<\/p>\n

il-be:t<\/u>\u00a0\u00a0 elli<\/strong> \u00a0 2a\u0295ad-na\u00a0\u00a0 fee-h<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u00a0(The year<\/u> when<\/strong> we travelled)<\/p>\n

Is-sineh<\/u>\u00a0 elli<\/strong>\u00a0 saafar-naa\u00a0 fee-ha<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/strong>Finally, learners need to be aware of the relative pronoun \u2018that\u2019 when it\u2019s used as a conjunction as in this the example of: “I told him that you\u2019re here” which is another important function of \u201cthat\u201d in English. Now, the conjunction \u201cthat\u201d is expressed differently in Arabic, using the conjunction Anna <\/em>\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u00a0(MSA) or inna<\/em> \u0625\u0646<\/strong> \/ inno<\/em> \u0625\u0646\u0648<\/strong> in Levantine Arabic.<\/p>\n

In the example below (Levantine Arabic),\u201d that you are\u201d becomes \u201cInn-ak\u201d \u0625\u0646\u0643:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0643<\/strong> \u0647\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

(He said that you are<\/strong> here)<\/p>\n

and “that they are” becomes “Inn-hum” \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

(They said that they are<\/u> leaving)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Based on these examples, we can see that the conjunction \u0625\u0646 \u00a0in spoken Arabic needs to be conjugated when the main subject of sentence is a attached pronoun – as is in the previous two examples. However, it doesn\u2019t need to be conjugated is when the subject is a (proper) noun, as in this example:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0648 <\/strong>\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629<\/u> \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n

(They said that <\/strong>Hamza<\/span> is leaving)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Or when the subject is a separate pronoun:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0648 <\/strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u064e<\/u> \u0647\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

(He said that <\/strong>you are<\/u> here)<\/p>\n

Thank you \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

In the first part of this post, we started discussing s subtle aspect of Arabic grammar, and that is that of relative pronouns \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644. To recap, a relative pronoun is a pronoun that follows a noun in order to elaborate on it and add extra information about it. In the second part of the…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":17216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3525,6,13],"tags":[512678,8304,512679,512680,9436],"class_list":["post-17193","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic-language","category-grammar","category-vocabulary","tag-advanced-arabic-grammar","tag-arabic-grammar","tag-arabic-relative-pronouns","tag-levantine-grammar","tag-spoken-arabic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/147"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17193"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17443,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17193\/revisions\/17443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}