{"id":2041,"date":"2011-07-27T22:34:07","date_gmt":"2011-07-27T22:34:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=2041"},"modified":"2014-07-10T19:09:36","modified_gmt":"2014-07-10T19:09:36","slug":"famous-cities-alexandria-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-al-iskandariya-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/famous-cities-alexandria-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-al-iskandariya-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Famous Cities: Alexandria \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/Al-iskandariya\/ (Part 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Image<\/a>

Image by David Stanley on Flickr<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nicknamed the “Bride of the Mediterranean<\/em> \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>“, Alexandria is the second largest city of Egypt with a population of about 4 million extending along 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/span> in the north central part of the country. It is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt’s largest seaport serving about 80 % of Egypt’s imports and exports. Alexandria is also and important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandria<\/em> \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span> (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alexandriawas founded around a small pharaonic town (called Rhakotis<\/em> \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/span> in ancient Egyptian language) 331 BC by Alexander the Great<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/span>. It remained Egypt’s capital for nearly a thousand years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641 when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria<\/em> \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/span>; one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was also famous for its Library<\/em> \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/span> ; the largest library in the ancient world and the Catacombs of Koom Al-Shoqafa<\/em> \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/span> ; one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Continuous maritime archaeology in the harbour<\/em> \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/span> ofAlexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander and during the Ptolemaic Dynasty.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alexandriawas founded by Alexander the Great in April 331 BC as \u1f08<\/em>\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/em> (Alex\u00e1ndreia). Alexander’s Chief architect for the project was Dinocrates<\/em> \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0633<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>who intended it to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic centre in Egypt and to be the link between Greece<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span> and the rich Nile Valley. A few months after the foundation, Alexander left Egypt and never returned to his city. His viceroy \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/strong><\/span> ; Cleomenes<\/em> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/span> continued the expansion of the city. Following a struggle with the other successors of Alexander, it is said that his general Ptolemy<\/em> \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/span> succeeded in bringing Alexander’s body to Alexandria.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Although Cleomenes was mainly in charge of overseeing Alexandria’s continuous development, the Heptastadion and the mainland quarters seem to have been primarily Ptolemaic work. Inheriting the trade of the ruined Tyre<\/em> \u0635\u064f\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/span> and becoming the center of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage<\/em> \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/span> . In a century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world and, for some centuries more, was second only to Rome<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/strong> . It became Egypt’s main Greek city, with Greek people from diverse backgrounds.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0To be continued …….<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

* Adapted and translated from wikipedia\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

********* <\/strong><\/p>\n

Check us back soon<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Peace\u00a0\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\/Salam\/ <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nicknamed the “Bride of the Mediterranean \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00a0\u00a0“, Alexandria is the second largest city of Egypt with a population of about 4 million extending along 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 in the north central part of the country. It is also the largest city lying directly on…<\/p>\n

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