{"id":28,"date":"2009-03-05T07:50:14","date_gmt":"2009-03-05T11:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=25"},"modified":"2014-06-13T19:57:08","modified_gmt":"2014-06-13T19:57:08","slug":"relative-and-demonstrative-pronouns-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/relative-and-demonstrative-pronouns-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"Relative and demonstrative pronouns in Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Relative pronouns, like \u2018who\u2019, \u2018which\u2019, \u2018whose\u2019, \u2018what\u2019, etc. are used at the beginning of relative clauses to describe a definite noun. In Arabic, relative pronouns come after definite nouns to introduce sentences that describe these nouns or provide additional information about them. Relative clauses that follow relative pronouns can be nominal or verbal sentences, e.g. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"margin: auto auto auto 59.4pt;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 288pt; border: #d4d0c8; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"384\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThis is the girl, whose name is Laila.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThis is the man who works at the factory.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cI met the student who studies Arabic.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">Relative pronouns in Arabic have to agree with the nouns they follow in number, gender and case, e.g. after a singular masculine noun, the pronoun (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) must be used after a singular feminine noun, the pronoun (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) must be used, and after a plural masculine noun, the pronoun (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) must be used. As for case, this is related to dual nouns in particular. Relative pronouns must have the same case (marked by suffixes in dual) like the noun they modify. For instance, \u201ctwo students\u201d can either be (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) or (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) depending on their position in the sentence. The relative pronoun (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) must be used with (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">), and the other one (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">) must be used with (<\/span><span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">), so that they have the same case, e.g. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"margin: auto auto auto 59.4pt;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 288pt; border: #d4d0c8; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"384\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cI met the two students who study Arabic.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThe two students who study Arabic are American.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Demonstrative pronouns, like \u2018this, and \u2018those\u2019, are used in the same way like English demonstratives. However, Arabic has many more demonstratives than English due to the feminine and masculine differentiation and due to the dual case. It is very important to make sure that the demonstrative pronoun agrees with the noun it refers to in number, gender and case, e.g.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"margin: auto auto auto 99pt;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 162pt; border: #d4d0c8; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"216\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThis is a boy\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThis is a girl\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cThese are two boys\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a <span style=\"color: red;\">\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u201cI read these two books\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">The following table shows the demonstrative and relative pronouns in Arabic.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"margin: auto 6.75pt;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; border: windowtext 1pt solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Demonstratives<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Relative Pronouns<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Subject Pronouns<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \/ \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">1<sup>st<\/sup> person sing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> person sing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Masc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> person sing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Fem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0648<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person sing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Masc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person sing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u00a0Fem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> person dual<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0645\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">(m)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person dual<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Masc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0645\u0627<span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"> (f) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person dual<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u00a0Fem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0646\u062d\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">1<sup>st<\/sup> person pl.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> person pl<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Masc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> person pl<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Fem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person pl<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Masc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0624 \u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"110\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 126pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"168\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">3<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">rd<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">person pl<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u00a0Fem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relative pronouns, like \u2018who\u2019, \u2018which\u2019, \u2018whose\u2019, \u2018what\u2019, etc. are used at the beginning of relative clauses to describe a definite noun. In Arabic, relative pronouns come after definite nouns to introduce sentences that describe these nouns or provide additional information about them. Relative clauses that follow relative pronouns can be nominal or verbal sentences, e.g&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/relative-and-demonstrative-pronouns-in-arabic\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A look at when and how to use relative and demonstrative pronouns in Arabic.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"aziza\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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