{"id":42,"date":"2009-04-18T11:16:41","date_gmt":"2009-04-18T15:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=40"},"modified":"2014-06-13T20:29:35","modified_gmt":"2014-06-13T20:29:35","slug":"alif-and-hamza-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/alif-and-hamza-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Alif and Hamza – part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this posting, I continue to summarize some rules related to the use of alif and hamza in Arabic writing. If you missed Part 1, check it out here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the beginning of a word, \u2018hamzat alwaSl\u2019 (<\/span>\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/span>) can be found in relation to certain verb forms and their derivatives, e.g. verb form VIII (<\/span>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644<\/span>) for example to \u2018approach\u2019 (<\/span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628<\/span>) <\/span>and verb form X <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/span>)) for example \u2018to enquire (<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span>) and to use (<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/span>). So, the alif at the beginning of these verbs should not be written with a hamza. The verbal nouns, i.e. (<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/span>) of these verb forms should not have hamza written on the initial alif either, e.g. ‘respecting\u2019 (<\/span>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/span>), \u2018using, (<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/span>), etc. In addition, all imperative, i.e. orders (<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631<\/span>) that begin with alif should not be written with a hamza, e.g. \u2018write\u2019 (<\/span>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/span>) and \u2018use\u2019 <\/span>(<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Sometimes, there are different ways of writing the same word when hamzas are involved, e.g. \u2018responsibility\u2019 can be written as (<\/span>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>) or (<\/span>\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>), and \u2018affairs\u2019 can be written as either (<\/span>\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646<\/span>) or (<\/span>\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646<\/span>). Both forms are acceptable, and it is often the case that one of the forms is common in a certain country, e.g. the first of both examples are more common in Egypt, and the later of both are more common in the Gulf and the Levant regions. <\/span><\/p>\n

At the end of the word, hamza can be written in conjunction with any of the short vowels, e.g. with a short \/a\/ (<\/span>\u0623<\/span>), with a short \/o\/ (<\/span>\u0624<\/span>), or with a short \/i\/ (<\/span>\u0626<\/span>), e.g. \u2018refuge; (<\/span>\u0645\u0644\u062c\u0623<\/span>), \u2018refugee\u2019 (<\/span>\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/span>), \u2018slowing down\u2019 <\/span> (<\/span>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624<\/span>) At the end of the word, hamza can also occur not in conjunction with any vowel, and in this case it is written on the line (<\/span>\u0621<\/span>), e.g. \u2018burden\u2019 (<\/span>\u0639\u0628\u0621<\/span>) and \u2018friends\u2019<\/span>(\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this posting, I continue to summarize some rules related to the use of alif and hamza in Arabic writing. If you missed Part 1, check it out here. At the beginning of a word, \u2018hamzat alwaSl\u2019 (\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644) can be found in relation to certain verb forms and their derivatives, e.g. verb form VIII…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t