{"id":49,"date":"2009-05-05T22:23:07","date_gmt":"2009-05-06T02:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=47"},"modified":"2014-06-13T20:48:02","modified_gmt":"2014-06-13T20:48:02","slug":"the-three-cases-of-arabic-nouns-and-adjectives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/the-three-cases-of-arabic-nouns-and-adjectives\/","title":{"rendered":"The three cases of Arabic nouns and adjectives"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nouns and adjectives that modify them must agree with each other in everything. I have pointed out in previous posts that they must agree with each other in gender, number and definiteness. They must also agree with each other in case. There are 3 cases for nouns and adjectives to mark their functions as subject, object or their position after a preposition or as part of idafa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The nominative case (<\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

The nominative case applies to nouns that function as subjects in verbal sentences, and also to both subjects an predicates in nominal sentences, and all adjectives the modify them. In the following sentences, the nominative (<\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639<\/span>) nouns and adjectives are underlined:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/span> \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe student <\/span>goes out with his friends every day.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe girl<\/span> is busy.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/span> \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe new<\/span> teacher<\/span> is Egyptian<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Notes:<\/span><\/p>\n

Student: subject of the verb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Girl: subject of a nominal sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Busy: predicate of a nominal sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teacher: subject of a nominal sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n

New: Adjective of a nominative noun<\/span><\/p>\n

Egyptian: predicate of a nominal sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

The Accusative case (<\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0628<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

The accusative case applies to nouns that function as objects in verbal sentences, and all adjectives the modify them. In the following sentences, the accusative (<\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628<\/span>) nouns and adjectives are underlined:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe met the new<\/span> student<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/span> \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe by ate a small<\/span> apple,<\/span> and his sister ate a big<\/span> orange<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI saw the accident<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Notes:<\/span><\/p>\n

Student, apple, orange, accident: objects<\/span><\/p>\n

New, small, big: adjectives of accusative nouns<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The Genitive case (<\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

The genitive case applies to nouns that occur after a preposition, and also to nouns that occur as second nouns in idafa constructions, and all adjectives the modify them. In the following sentences, the nominative (<\/span>\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/span>) nouns and adjectives are underlined:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe are from Morocco<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/span> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI study at a big<\/span> university<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/span> \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe literature<\/span> book (=book of literature)<\/span> is very difficult.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe boys\u2019<\/span> room is bigger than the girls\u2019<\/span> room<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes:<\/span><\/p>\n

Morocco, university, room: after preposition <\/span><\/p>\n

Big: adjective of genitive noun<\/span><\/p>\n

Literature, boys, girls: second nouns in idafa constructions<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nouns and adjectives that modify them must agree with each other in everything. I have pointed out in previous posts that they must agree with each other in gender, number and definiteness. They must also agree with each other in case. There are 3 cases for nouns and adjectives to mark their functions as subject…<\/p>\n

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