{"id":6257,"date":"2012-09-05T23:44:54","date_gmt":"2012-09-05T23:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/?p=6257"},"modified":"2014-07-11T18:40:42","modified_gmt":"2014-07-11T18:40:42","slug":"al-birouni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/arabic\/al-birouni\/","title":{"rendered":"Al-Biruni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abu-Rayhan Al-Biruni; (973 – 1048)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yesterday, Google celebrated the birthday of the great Muslim scientist of the medieval Islamic era. Abo Rayhan Muhammad Ahmad Al-Bairuni \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0649<\/strong> was born on 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarazm; known today as the region of Uzbekistan. He was a traveler, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, chemist, geologist, historian and translator of the Indian culture. He was the first one to say that the earth goes round its axis. He wrote about 146 books. He was given many titles like the “Founder of Indology” and the “First Anthropologist” and “Al-Usadth \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630<\/strong> = The Master”. He died on 13 December, 1048.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Al-Biruni spent his first years studying Islamic studies, theology, languages and grammar, mathematics and astronomy, medics and other sciences. He was a hard-working student. At the age of twenty-five, he moved and wrote his first important book; “Chronology of Ancient Nations \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>” where he discussed historical and scientific chronology. In 1017, he moved to the court of Mahmoud Ghazni and was made the court astrologer. He accompanied Mahmud in his invasions into India. Al-Biruni lived in India for some years where he became acquainted with everything related to India. He then, wrote his famous book “The Book of India’s History \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/strong>“. About 65 percent of Al-Biruni’s books were devoted to Mathematics, Astronomy and related topics.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Physics, Al-Biruni contributed to the introduction of the scientific method to mechanics. In Geography, he devised his own method of determining the radius of the earth. He also, succeeded in measuring the specific gravity of a certain number of metals and minerals. He was a pioneer in the study of comparative religion. He studied Zoroastrianism \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, Judaism \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> , Hinduism \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> , Christianity \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong> , Buddhism \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong> , Islam \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong> , and other religions.He treated them objectively trying to understand them on their own terms.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Al-Biruni wrote an encyclopedic work on India called \u201cHistory of India \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/strong>“, also known as \u201cIndica,\u201d or simply \u201cIndia\u201d in which he explored nearly every aspect of Indian life, including religion, history, geography \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong> , geology \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> , science \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong> , and mathematics \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> . He explores religion within a rich cultural context.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Although he preferred Arabic to Persian in scientific writing, his Persian version of the “Al-Tafhim \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/strong>” is one of the most important of the early works of science in the Persian language , and is a rich source for Persian prose and lexicography. The book covers the Quadrivium in a detailed and skilled fashion.<\/p>\n