{"id":13917,"date":"2017-12-07T09:00:37","date_gmt":"2017-12-07T13:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/?p=13917"},"modified":"2017-12-03T10:34:44","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T14:34:44","slug":"chinese-plucked-stringed-instruments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/chinese-plucked-stringed-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese Plucked Stringed Instruments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>These days, young Chinese carry iPhones and listen to <strong>pop music <\/strong>(\u6d41\u884c\u97f3\u4e50 &#8211; li\u00fa x\u00edng y\u012bn yu\u00e8) by day, and they hit KTV (karaoke) clubs at night. Walking around Chinese mega-malls, you&#8217;re bound to hear the likes of Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber, or Cantonese\/Taiwanese pop stars. So, you may be asking yourself, where is the traditional Chinese music? Well, head to a <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/top-10-places-in-beijing-local-parks\/\">local <strong>park<\/strong><\/a> (\u516c\u56ed &#8211; g\u014dng yu\u00e1n), and you&#8217;re likely to stumble upon Chinese elders either practicing <strong>tai chi<\/strong> (\u592a\u6781\u62f3 &#8211; t\u00e0i j\u00ed qu\u00e1n) while listening to traditional music, or playing traditional Chinese <strong>instruments<\/strong> (\u4e50\u5668 &#8211; yu\u00e8 q\u00ec). In a new series here, I&#8217;ll introduce a variety of Chinese instruments along with some of China&#8217;s musical history.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Eight Sounds of Chinese Instruments<\/h2>\n<p>To begin with, there are <strong>eight sounds\/tones <\/strong>(\u516b\u97f3 &#8211; b\u0101 y\u012bn) used to classify most of China&#8217;s instruments:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Silk<\/strong> (\u4e1d &#8211; s\u012b)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bamboo<\/strong> (\u7af9 &#8211; zh\u00fa)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wood<\/strong> (\u6728 &#8211; m\u00f9)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stone<\/strong> (\u77f3 &#8211; sh\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Metal<\/strong> (\u91d1 &#8211; j\u012bn)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clay <\/strong>(\u571f &#8211; t\u01d4)<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gourd<\/strong> (\u530f &#8211; p\u00e1o)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hide <\/strong>(\u9769 &#8211; g\u00e9)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Stringed Instruments<\/h2>\n<p>For this first lesson in Chinese instruments, I&#8217;m going to focus on the silk instruments, which are mostly stringed. While both nylon and metal are also commonly used to make strings today, silk strings date back thousands of years in Chinese musical history. When it comes to stringed instruments, they can be played three different ways: plucked, bowed, or struck.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Plucked Instruments<\/h2>\n<p>Here are four of the most well-known <strong>plucked<\/strong> (\u5f39\u62e8\u4e50\u5668 &#8211; t\u00e1n b\u014d yu\u00e8 q\u00ec) silk instruments in China:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Guqin<\/strong> (\u53e4\u7434 &#8211; g\u01d4 q\u00edn)<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_13918\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/11775631074_2b3e0e1c72_z.jpg\" aria-label=\"11775631074 2b3e0e1c72 Z\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13918\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13918\"  alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/11775631074_2b3e0e1c72_z.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/11775631074_2b3e0e1c72_z.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/11775631074_2b3e0e1c72_z-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by \u590f\u7231\u514b from flickr.com.<br \/>Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This seven-stringed zither instrument literally translates as &#8220;ancient stringed instrument&#8221;, and for good reason, as it has over 3,000 years of history. Often refered to as &#8220;the father of Chinese music&#8221; or &#8220;the instrument of the sages&#8221;, the Guqin was a favorite of China&#8217;s most revered philosopher &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/confucius-say\/\"><strong>Confucius<\/strong><\/a> (\u5b54\u5b50 &#8211; K\u01d2ng z\u01d0). In the Imperial China of the past, a scholar was expected to be skilled in four arts:\u00a0\u7434,\u00a0\u68cb,\u00a0\u4e66, and\u00a0\u753b (guqin, chess, calligraphy, and painting). Today, very few people are skilled in the art of the Guqin, making this traditional Chinese instrument a rarity in the modern era.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How is a guqin made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TH8LLoyHo_Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>This video shows how the Guqin is made, and it also has some video of people playing it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chinese \u53e4\u7434 Guqin Zither Tutorial - Basic Playing Techniques - John Woo &#039;s Red Cliff\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tJSGNlka3Gg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>You can play a 3,000 year old instrument on your iPad!<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Pipa <\/strong>(\u7435\u7436 &#8211; p\u00ed p\u00e1)<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_13919\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/ahenobarbus\/8651611742\/in\/photolist-Wv4pYu-beZeq2-6oStve-8rHag9-8rE3ti-8rH6Uh-ebvLKG-8rDZiD-8rDYeV-a1xstG-aA87Gw-2osyn-NmQaDr\" aria-label=\"8651611742 2c3c221a71 Z\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13919\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13919\"  alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z-350x234.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13919\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by Nikolaj Potanin from flickr.com.<br \/>Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Also known as the Chinese lute, this four-stringed instrument has a body that resembles a pear, and it has been played in China for well over 2,000 years. Its name comes from the two ways that the instrument is played &#8211; \u7435 means to push the fingers of the right hand from right to left, and \u7436 means to pull the thumb of the right hand from left to right. In the past, one would need long fingernails to play the <em>Pipa<\/em>; today, with the introduction of strong nylon strings, false fingernails are used. Since players utilize all five fingers of their plucking hand, the <em>Pipa<\/em> has the widest range of techniques out of all Chinese instruments.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chinese Musical Instruments - The Pipa\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7dkw94947S8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Learn all about the pipa and hear a bit of it in this video.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Ruan <\/strong>(\u962e &#8211; ru\u01cen)<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_13920\" style=\"width: 470px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/welcome2bo\/2522162167\/in\/photolist-6dZGtF-4QSJWB\" aria-label=\"2522162167 Ac1472c76e O\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13920\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13920\"  alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"460\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/2522162167_ac1472c76e_o.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/2522162167_ac1472c76e_o.jpg 460w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/2522162167_ac1472c76e_o-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/2522162167_ac1472c76e_o-350x350.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by Bo from flickr.com.<br \/>Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Also known as the moon guitar, this four-stringed lute got its name from a man named <strong>Ruan Xian<\/strong> (\u962e\u54b8 &#8211; Ru\u01cen xi\u00e1n), a Chinese scholar who was also one of the &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Sages_of_the_Bamboo_Grove\"><strong>Seven Sages of Bamboo<\/strong><\/a>&#8221; (\u7af9\u6797\u4e03\u8d24 &#8211; zh\u00fa l\u00edn q\u012b xi\u00e1n). Actually, this instrument used to be known as the <em>Pipa<\/em>, but with the introduction of new oud-shaped instruments to China via the Silk Road, the more modern, pear-shaped instrument took the name <em>Pipa<\/em>. The <em>Ruan<\/em> comes in a variety of sizes and pitches, and these days it is commonly used in <strong>Peking Opera<\/strong> (\u4eac\u5267 &#8211; j\u012bng j\u00f9) and Chinese orchestras.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u4e2d\u962e\u72ec\u594f\uff1a\u5e7d\u8fdc\u7684\u6b4c\u58f0(07\u5e74\u5f55\u5236)            Ruan solo (Chinese Guitar): A Remote Song\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VwlgnAiKS8Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Sick Ruan solo!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Angry Birds cover - yang qin + zhong ruan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BvGN9nwKp64?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>A more modern take on the Ruan &#8211; the Angry Birds theme.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Guzheng <\/strong>(\u53e4\u7b5d &#8211; g\u01d4 zh\u0113ng)<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_13921\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/tim_uk\/8701506022\/in\/photolist-efVuzU-4EtAmW-8ecKVM-54z9Bj-jjDecu-jjBo4c-jjCScn-ewW718-fQS4KT-47EwyP-8xrXJF-6hbKoG-9FZvYE-cH25zu-6haS5v-jmkwh4-qyNVo2-fT7Uk3-58LiHR-54xWgk-87JA3x-8eg2S9-54CdrG-tG1ZJY-54xZa2-54xVQn-7EpkV3-ddx6jL-8CqjNk-fT7UHh-54xRHF-54xYce-54xX9Z-54CaCm-fT8Z2Y-54CcAQ-54C2Fh-ddx6qq-54C3gy-P6VYus-amvLQm-ddx6BA-ddx6vu-54C4as-54xR7e-7EkugV-6VETx1-ddx6eE-ddx5Tr-54xNwt\" aria-label=\"8701506022 7e06eea517 Z\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13921\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13921\"  alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8701506022_7e06eea517_z.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8701506022_7e06eea517_z.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8701506022_7e06eea517_z-350x234.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by Tim Sheerman-Chase from flickr.com.<br \/>Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The &#8220;ancient zither&#8221;, this instrument has anywhere from 13-25 strings (Note: These stats were accumulated from various websites that all had different numbers) and movable bridges. Although this may somewhat resemble the <em>Guqin<\/em>, the two are actually quite different. Apparently, the <em>Guzheng<\/em> &#8220;can create sounds that can evoke the sense of a cascading waterfall, thunder, horses&#8217; hooves, and even the scenic countryside.&#8221; As is the case with most plucked instruments, multiples picks are used on the right hand to play the <em>Guzheng<\/em>. Thankfully, this ancient instrument is still put to use in modern music &#8211; the Gorillaz used it on their track &#8220;Hong Kong&#8221;, and my favorite Chinese band <strong>Long Shen Dao<\/strong> (\u9f99\u795e\u9053 &#8211; L\u00f3ng Sh\u00e9n D\u00e0o &#8211; lit. &#8220;The Way of the Dragon God&#8221;) employs it in both their studio recordings and their live show.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"China&#039;s Reggae \u9f99\u795e\u9053 Long Shen Dao  \u4e2d\u56fd\u96f7\u9b3c\u4e50\u961f --\u300a\u5fc3\u5728\u6307\u5f15\u65b9\u5411\u300b\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V1-i18etGq4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>LSD rocking out in the studio &#8211; reggae\/rock with the Guzheng!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chinese Zither\/Guzheng Jam (by Bradley Fish) bradleyfish.com\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m19ExsVkdM4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Check out this \u5916\u56fd\u4eba kick ass on a traditional Chinese instrument.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Guzheng: Under The White Wind\/Easter Performance by Bei Bei\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UcfcfHrA-3Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Finally, here&#8217;s a more traditional performance of the Guzheng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the next post, we&#8217;ll take a look at some of the Chinese bowed string instruments, including the famous <em>erhu<\/em>\u00a0and a few others.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z-350x234.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Chinese Stringed Instruments\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z-350x234.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/8651611742_2c3c221a71_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>These days, young Chinese carry iPhones and listen to pop music (\u6d41\u884c\u97f3\u4e50 &#8211; li\u00fa x\u00edng y\u012bn yu\u00e8) by day, and they hit KTV (karaoke) clubs at night. Walking around Chinese mega-malls, you&#8217;re bound to hear the likes of Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber, or Cantonese\/Taiwanese pop stars. So, you may be asking yourself, where is the&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/chinese-plucked-stringed-instruments\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":13919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[481635,69435,10665,481633,69437,481634,69441,69443,315641],"class_list":["post-13917","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-asian-music","tag-chinese-instruments","tag-chinese-music","tag-chinese-musical-instruments","tag-guqin","tag-guzheng","tag-pipa","tag-ruan","tag-traditional-chinese-music"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13917"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13923,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13917\/revisions\/13923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}