{"id":87,"date":"2011-07-29T15:11:15","date_gmt":"2011-07-29T15:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/?p=87"},"modified":"2011-08-02T11:06:03","modified_gmt":"2011-08-02T11:06:03","slug":"danish-plurals-revisited","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/2011\/07\/29\/danish-plurals-revisited\/","title":{"rendered":"Danish Plurals Revisited"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>

Why does one \u201dfod\u201d become two \u201df\u00f8dder\u201d? And how come one \u201dt\u00e5\u201d suddenly becomes ten \u201dt\u00e6er\u201d?<\/p><\/div>While Grammar and definitions may not be as interesting as drinking beer at a small caf\u00e9 table in the sun while watching for the next attractive member of the opposite (or same) sex, those aspects of Danish are certainly important if one wishes to avoid confusion. (Author Lars Henriksen wrote an entire short story centering on a young boy\u2019s fatal misconception of the salutation hej<\/strong>, which can mean both \u2019hi\u2019 and \u2019bye\u2019! When his love interest greets him with a hej<\/strong>, he naturally hears it as a \u201dhello\u201d\u2026)<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s return to the Danish plurals, and the remaining bits of irregularities. As you, hopefully, can remember<\/a>, Danish words get one of four endings added to their singular form in order to create the plural:<\/p>\n

\u2013er<\/strong>, like in bil<\/strong>\u00a0> biler<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019car(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

\u2013e<\/strong>, like in hus <\/strong>>\u00a0huse<\/strong> \u2019house(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

\u2013<\/strong> (no ending), like in hjem<\/strong> > hjem<\/strong> \u2019home(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

\u2013s<\/strong>, like in foto<\/strong> > fotos<\/strong> \u2019photo(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

(The last ending is mostly used in loanwords from English, and is often frowned upon by conservative language users.)<\/p>\n

However, in the bicycle article<\/a>, you encountered the word m\u00e6nd<\/strong> (\u2019men\u2019, mand<\/strong> in the singular) where the word itself<\/em> is changed.<\/p>\n

\u201dWhat the\u2026\u201d you might be tempted to exclaim, but if you\u2019re an English speaker, you should already be well familiar with plurals like these.<\/p>\n

Compare the equivalent English form men<\/em>\u00a0with its singular man<\/em>. Now where is the logic?<\/p>\n

At some point in history, the savage Germanic peoples who spoke the common predecessor of both English and Danish for some reason chose to pluralize a handful of words by adding an ending containing an \u2019i\u2019. Later on this ending was dropped in speech, but the light \u2019i\u2019 (ee) sound had caused the main vowel of the pluralized word to be pronounced a bit \u201dlighter\u201d. It is for this reason we have odd couples like woman \u2013 women<\/em>,\u00a0goose \u2013 geese<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The phenomenon is called omlyd<\/strong> in Danish, umlaut<\/em> in German and English.\u00a0It is found in a bunch of common Danish nouns:<\/p>\n

barn<\/strong> \u2013 b\u00f8rn<\/strong> \u2019child(ren)\u2019<\/p>\n

fod<\/strong> \u2013 f\u00f8dder<\/strong> \u2019foot\/feet\u2019<\/p>\n

rod<\/strong> \u2013 r\u00f8dder<\/strong> \u2019root(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

t\u00e5<\/strong> \u2013 t\u00e6er<\/strong> \u2019toe(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

tand<\/strong> \u2013 t\u00e6nder<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019tooth\/teeth\u2019<\/p>\n

h\u00e5nd<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 h\u00e6nder<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019hand(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

klo<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0kl\u00f8er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019claw(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

ko <\/strong>\u2013 k\u00f8er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019cow(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

so<\/strong> \u2013 s\u00f8er<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019sow(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

g\u00e5s<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0g\u00e6s<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2019goose\/geese\u2019<\/p>\n

and<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u00e6nder<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019duck(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

far<\/strong>\u00a0(previously\u00a0fader<\/strong>)\u00a0\u2013 f\u00e6dre<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019father(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

mor <\/strong>(previously\u00a0moder<\/strong>)\u00a0\u2013 m\u00f8dre<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019mother(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

bror <\/strong>(previously broder<\/strong>)\u00a0\u2013 br\u00f8dre<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019brother(s)\u2019<\/p>\n

Also note the completely whacky plural \u00f8je<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u00f8jne<\/strong>\u00a0\u2019eye(s)\u2019.<\/p>\n

With these few exceptions in mind, you should soon be able to inflect like a native\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

While Grammar and definitions may not be as interesting as drinking beer at a small caf\u00e9 table in the sun while watching for the next attractive member of the opposite (or same) sex, those aspects of Danish are certainly important if one wishes to avoid confusion. (Author Lars Henriksen wrote an entire short story centering…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":1590,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions\/91"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/danish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}