\u00a0Afghanistan’s Governance<\/p>\n
Part one<\/p>\n
The Afghanistan government\u2019s Organizational Structure and its terminologies translated and transliterated in Dari.<\/p>\n
Note:\u00a0 Constant changes are made over time in Afghanistan’s Government ((\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646). Therefore any outdated material should be updated regularly.<\/p>\n
Afghanistan\u2019s government structure consists of the Council of Ministers (Wazers \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 ) and the National Assembly (loya Jirga \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 ), with a President (Raees e Jamhoor\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 ) serving as the Chief of State and the Head of the Government.\u00a0 The country is presently led by the administration of Karzai under President Hamid Karzai who is assisted by two vice presidents (Mawin e Raees e Jamhoor \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631), Mohammad Fahim and Karim Khalili. Since 2001, the Government of Afghanistan has been influenced by NATO countries, especially by the United States.\u00a0 In 2004, Afghanistan came up with a new constitution. \u00a0This new constitution gave the office of presidency the executive power. \u00a0In 2005, aparliamentary election took place in Afghanistan.\u00a0\u00a0As a result, after 30 years of war, the people of Afghanistan elected a Parliament which consisted of two houses, the upper house ( Sana \u0633\u0646\u0627 \u00a0) and lower house ( Shura \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627).\u00a0<\/p>\n
In 2004, the current president Hamid Karzai was declared the first ever democratically elected head of state in Afghanistan. \u00a0Following his first term Mr. Karzai won a second five year term in 2009. Afghanistan has a bicameral National Assembly<\/span> (Shura e Mili \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc ) which is Afghanistan\u2019s National legislature <\/span>(Qowa e Muqaninah \u0642\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0647 ), consisting of the lower House<\/span> (Shura or Wolosee Jirga \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 ) and the Upper House or the House of Elders (Sana \u0633\u0646\u0627 ).\u00a0 The first legislative body was elected in 2005 and current one in 2010.<\/p>\n According to the new constitution of Afghanistan, an independent organization was created, the Supreme Court (Sterah Mahkama \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647 ) of Afghanistan. \u00a0The seven members of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan were appointed and nominated by the president of the country.\u00a0 The constitution also states that, \u201cNo law shall contravene the tenets and provisions of the holy religion of Islam in Afghanistan\u201d.<\/p>\n Executive Branch<\/span>: (Qowah e Ajrayah \u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 )<\/strong><\/p>\n The President is the head of the executive branch.\u00a0 The executive is the power to execute, enforce, and administer the law.\u00a0 The constitution of Afghanistan creates a strong presidency. \u00a0Once the president is elected with two vice-presidents then the president appoints cabinet Ministers<\/span> and Governors<\/span>.<\/p>\n \u00a01- First term (2004 election)<\/p>\n \u00a02- Second term (2009 election)<\/p>\n Legislative branch<\/span>: (Qowah e Muqaninah\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0647 )<\/strong><\/p>\n Afghanistan follows the legislatives style of western democracies.\u00a0 The Legislative is the power to make\u00a0the \u00a0law and to enframe public policies. However, what is unique about the Afghan legislative is the Grand Assembly (Loyah Jirga \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 <\/strong>.) \u00a0This body only gets together when the country is at a stage of emergency (Esteraree \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc <\/strong>) Members of the loya Jirga gets together in Kabul to decide, Afghan National Interests. \u00a0Once their task is accomplished, they dissolve their Meeting (Jirga \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647<\/strong>), and then they go to their local districts for follow ups.\u00a0 Members of the loya Jirga consists of tribal chiefs, notable religious and secular scholars.\u00a0<\/p>\n The 2005 parliamentary (Shura \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 <\/strong>) election for the Lower House (Shura or Wolosee Jirga \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627<\/strong>) was conducted on September 18, 2005. \u201cThis was the first parliament election in Afghanistan since 1969. \u00a0Approximately 2,707 candidates, including 328 women, competed for 249 seats. The election was conducted with multiple seat electoral constituencies.\u00a0 Each province is a constituency and has a varying number of seats depending on population. Voters have a single non-transferable vote\u201d. \u00a0The House of the Elders or Upper House (Meshrano Jirga or Sana \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0627<\/strong>) consists of 102 seats.\u00a0 34 members are elected to serve a 4 year term and 34 are elected to serve 3 year term by the regional legislatures.\u00a0 The other 34 members are appointed by the President to serve 5 year term.<\/p>\n Judicial branch<\/span><\/strong> (Qowah e Qazayah<\/strong>\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc )<\/strong><\/p>\n The constitution of Afghanistan mandates a Supreme Court (Stera Mahkama\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647 ). \u00a0Like the\u00a0Supreme Court of the United States, the seven members of justice of the Supreme court of Afghanistan, are nominated by the President of the country and after their vote of confidence by the two house of Parliament they become the permanent members of the supreme court of Afghanistan.\u00a0 No one can remove them from their office before their term is expired. \u00a0The Main duty of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan is to interpret the constitution of Afghanistan and those areas where the laws are not clear.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0Afghanistan’s Governance Part one The Afghanistan government\u2019s Organizational Structure and its terminologies translated and transliterated in Dari. Note:\u00a0 Constant changes are made over time in Afghanistan’s Government ((\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646). Therefore any outdated material should be updated regularly. Afghanistan\u2019s government structure consists of the Council of Ministers (Wazers \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 ) and the National Assembly (loya Jirga…<\/p>\n