{"id":2078,"date":"2012-07-05T08:19:46","date_gmt":"2012-07-05T08:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/?p=2078"},"modified":"2012-07-05T22:16:49","modified_gmt":"2012-07-05T22:16:49","slug":"dutch-verb-boot-camp-the-simple-past-tense-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/dutch-verb-boot-camp-the-simple-past-tense-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Dutch Verb Boot Camp: The Simple Past Tense (Part 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We have already talked about the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/dutch-verb-boot-camp-the-present-tense\/\">present tense in Dutch<\/a>, so let\u2019s move on to the past tense. Today we will investigate weak verbs.<\/p>\n<p>In the past tense, we deal with verbs differently based on if they are a weak verb or a strong verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>weak verbs have letters added to make the change<\/li>\n<li>strong verb have an internal vowel change to make the change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Weak Verbs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>To make a weak verb indicate the past tense, you add a <em>\u2013t<\/em> or <em>\u2013d<\/em> to the stem of the infinitive and then <em>\u2013e<\/em> for singular and <em>\u2013en<\/em> for plural. How do you know when to add a <em>\u2013t<\/em> versus a <em>\u2013d<\/em>? That\u2019s a good question and there are several ways to remember which words get which.<\/p>\n<p>Basically, crude verb stems that end in <em>-t, -k, -p, -f, -s<\/em> or <em>\u2013ch<\/em> add <em>\u2013t<\/em> (and then either <em>\u2013e<\/em> or <em>\u2013en<\/em>). All the other weak verbs add <em>\u2013d<\/em> (and then either <em>\u2013e<\/em> or <em>\u2013en<\/em>). There are several different \u201cwords\u201d to help you remember those consonants, like<em> \u2018t kofschip<\/em> (an old ship model), <em>\u2018t fokschaap<\/em> (the breeding sheep), <em>pocket fish<\/em> or even <em>sexy ketchup<\/em> (not counting the x and the y).<\/p>\n<p>It sounds much more complicated than it actually is, so let\u2019s break it down with a few examples.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>kauwen<\/strong><\/em> (to chew) \u2013&gt; the crude stem is <em>kauw<\/em> (final stem is <em>kauw<\/em>) \u2013&gt; <em>w<\/em> is not in<em> \u2018t kofschip<\/em> so we add<em> \u2013d<\/em> (<em>kauwd<\/em>) and then\u00a0<em>\u2013e<\/em> for singular (<strong><em>ik kauwde<\/em><\/strong>) or <em>\u2013en<\/em> for plural (<strong><em>zij kauwden<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>maken<\/strong><\/em> (to make) \u2013&gt; the crude stem is <em>mak<\/em> (final stem is <em>maak<\/em>) \u2013&gt; k is in <em>\u2018t kofschip<\/em> so we add <em>\u2013t<\/em> (<em>maakt<\/em>) and then\u00a0<em>\u2013e<\/em> for singular (<em><strong>ik maakte<\/strong><\/em>) or <em>\u2013en<\/em> for plural (<strong><em>zij maakten<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>reizen<\/strong><\/em> (to travel) \u2013&gt; the crude stem is <em>reiz<\/em> (final stem is <em>reis<\/em>) \u2013&gt; z is not in <em>\u2018t kofschip<\/em> so we add <em>\u2013d<\/em> (<em>reisd<\/em>) and then\u00a0<em>\u2013e<\/em> for singular (<em><strong>ik reisde<\/strong><\/em>) or <em>\u2013en<\/em> for plural (<em><strong>zij reisden<\/strong><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>N.B.<\/strong> Even though we use the crude stem for <strong>knowing<\/strong> whether to add <em>\u2013t<\/em> or <em>\u2013d<\/em>, you <strong>add<\/strong> the <em>\u2013t<\/em> or <em>\u2013d<\/em> to the final stem version. Also, don\u2019t forget the other spelling rules when making all your changes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N.B. 2<\/strong> If adding <em>\u2013t<\/em> or <em>\u2013d<\/em> results in a double<em> \u2013t<\/em> or <em>\u2013d<\/em> (e.g. <em>bloedde<\/em>) the double letter is kept but the pronunciation is unchanged.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Want to practise? How would you create the past tense with the following verbs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hopen (to hope)<\/li>\n<li>eisen (to demand)<\/li>\n<li>spelen (to play)<\/li>\n<li>horen (to hear)<\/li>\n<li>leven (to live)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have already talked about the present tense in Dutch, so let\u2019s move on to the past tense. Today we will investigate weak verbs. In the past tense, we deal with verbs differently based on if they are a weak verb or a strong verb. weak verbs have letters added to make the change strong&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/dutch-verb-boot-camp-the-simple-past-tense-part-1\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[27710,3590,27711],"tags":[192211,2376,192208,236295,166,3587],"class_list":["post-2078","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-dutch-grammar","category-dutch-language","category-dutch-vocabulary-2","tag-t-kofschip","tag-past-tense","tag-simple-past-tense","tag-strong-verbs","tag-verbs","tag-weak-verbs"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/69"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2078"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2084,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078\/revisions\/2084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}