{"id":4157,"date":"2016-04-11T08:00:19","date_gmt":"2016-04-11T08:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/?p=4157"},"modified":"2016-04-10T19:59:47","modified_gmt":"2016-04-10T19:59:47","slug":"odd-gramatical-terms-in-dutch-grammar-pt-1-nouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/odd-gramatical-terms-in-dutch-grammar-pt-1-nouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Odd Gramatical Terms in Dutch Grammar – Pt. 1: Nouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you have studied any language, or even just English, you have come across terms\u00a0for the types of words and word combinations in the language. You might have also come across the widespread Latin terms for cases:\u00a0nominativus, accusativus, dativus, genitivus,\u00a0<\/em>or even an\u00a0ablativus<\/em>. This is to identify the role of nouns in a sentence. These will be discussed in this first post.<\/p>\n

There are also designations for verbs, for example\u00a0infinitivus<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0imperativus.\u00a0<\/em>In many languages, these terms have been modified to make better understandable what these terms refer to. These will be discussed next week. The week after that, there will be a little test for you to try out and see how good you are at this!<\/p>\n

In the Netherlands, they came up with a wide range of them. I personally did not find them to be of such great help in school, but nonetheless they are an integral part of learning Dutch. Why? If you know how a sentence is put together, what belongs where, if you have a structure to hold on to, it is much easier for you to understand the weird structure Dutch can have sometimes.<\/p>\n

Here is a list of the most common\u00a0terms and their English counterparts, with examples. In parentheses after the translation (= “…”) is the literal translation of the Dutch words to English, to make their meaning clearer.<\/p>\n

First, here are a few necessary important terms\u00a0for sentence formation.<\/p>\n

Sentence –\u00a0zin<\/em><\/p>\n

Main clause \/ Independent clause –\u00a0hoofdzin<\/em><\/p>\n

Subordinate clause \/ dependent clause –\u00a0bijzin<\/em><\/p>\n

Period –\u00a0punt<\/em><\/p>\n

Comma –\u00a0komma<\/em><\/p>\n

Question mark –\u00a0vraagteken<\/em><\/p>\n

Exclamation mark –\u00a0uitroepteken<\/em><\/p>\n

Capital (letter) –\u00a0hoofdletter<\/em><\/p>\n

Parentheses \/ brackets – haakjes <\/em>:\u00a0I mean these two: (<\/strong>\u00a0)\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dash –\u00a0streepje\u00a0<\/em>: I mean this one:\u00a0–<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Noun –\u00a0zelfstanding naamwoord\u00a0<\/em>(= “independent name word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example:\u00a0Mark<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Mark\"<\/a>

Mark<\/p><\/div>\n

2. Verb –\u00a0werkwoord\u00a0<\/em>(= “work word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example:\u00a0to\u00a0punch<\/span><\/p>\n

\"To<\/a>

To punch<\/p><\/div>\n

The term\u00a0werkwoord<\/em> refers to the fact that a\u00a0zelfstandig naamwoord<\/em> cannot be doing something without a verb. It doesn’t\u00a0work<\/span><\/em> without it!<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0<\/span>Subject\u00a0(Nominativus<\/em>) –\u00a0onderwerp\u00a0<\/em>(= “subject”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark punches<\/span><\/span> Tom.<\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark punches Tom<\/p><\/div>\n

The\u00a0onderwerp<\/em> is the literal translation of subject. It refers to the noun that the sentence is all about. Without the subject, it is unclear\u00a0who\u00a0<\/em>does something. In this example, Mark punches, and is therefore the\u00a0onderwerp<\/em>.<\/p>\n

4. Direct\u00a0Object (Accusativus<\/em>) –\u00a0lijdend voorwerp\u00a0<\/em>(= “suffering object”)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark<\/span> punches <\/span>Tom<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark punches Tom<\/p><\/div>\n

This one makes sense – the suffering object. In the sentence\u00a0Mark punches Tom,\u00a0<\/em>Tom is obviously suffering! That makes him the\u00a0lijdend voorwerp<\/em>. In the English term, it is more about how the verb affects the object – here, Tom is directly affected by it, and so he is the direct object.<\/p>\n

5. Indirect Object\u00a0(Dativus<\/em>) – meewerkend voorwerp<\/em> (= “collaborating object”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark<\/span> gives<\/span> Tom<\/span> an<\/span> apple<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a><\/p>\n

This one is a bit vaguer. The Latin term comes from\u00a0the latin verb\u00a0dare\u00a0<\/em>– to give. In the example sentence,\u00a0<\/em>the apple is being handled over here – poor apple! Obviously, the apple is the\u00a0lijdend voorwerp<\/em>.\u00a0Also obviously, Mark is the\u00a0onderwerp<\/em>. But what is Tom? Right, the one that the apple\u00a0is given to, the “collaborating object”. Without him, Mark would just not be able to\u00a0give\u00a0<\/em>the apple – because to whom? He needs Tom to work with him here.\u00a0So, Tom is the\u00a0meewerkend voorwerp<\/em>. In the English term, it follows the same logic as the direct object. Mark giving the apple indirectly affects Tom, as he is still affected by it, but not as directly as getting punched!<\/p>\n

6. Adjective (Adjectivum<\/em>) –<\/span> bijvoeglijk naamwoord<\/em> (= “additive name word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example:<\/span> Mark<\/span> gives<\/span> <\/span>Tom<\/span> a rotten<\/span> apple.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark gives Tom a rotten apple<\/p><\/div>\n

A\u00a0Bijvoeglijk naamwoord<\/em>, as its literal translation suggests, is a noun that adds something. In this case, it adds a property to the apple, a description. It adds information to a noun.<\/p>\n

7. Adjuncts\u00a0–\u00a0Bepalingen\u00a0<\/em>(= “provision, determination”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark<\/span> gives<\/span> <\/span>Tom<\/span> a rotten<\/span> apple<\/span>\u00a0in the middle of the road<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark gives Tom a rotten apple in the middle of the road.<\/p><\/div>\n

A\u00a0bepaling\u00a0<\/em>can be all kinds of stuff. It can for example be a\u00a0bepaling van tijd\u00a0<\/em>(provision\u00a0of time – when did something happen?), a\u00a0bepaling van plaats\u00a0<\/em>(provision of place – where did something happen? – in the example, in the middle of the road). Important to know is that without the\u00a0bepalingen<\/em>, the sentence still makes sense and is grammatically correct.<\/p>\n

This was a short overview of the most important grammatical terms in Dutch concerning nouns. If you want a more exhaustive list of Dutch terms, check this website<\/a>. If you want a more exhaustive list of English terms, check this website<\/a>. Tune in next week for grammatical terms of verbs! And some more Mark and Tom, of course.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

If you have studied any language, or even just English, you have come across terms\u00a0for the types of words and word combinations in the language. You might have also come across the widespread Latin terms for cases:\u00a0nominativus, accusativus, dativus, genitivus,\u00a0or even an\u00a0ablativus. This is to identify the role of nouns in a sentence. These will…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":4175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[27710,3590,27711],"tags":[6,255534,406678,110,376350,406677,7065],"class_list":["post-4157","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dutch-grammar","category-dutch-language","category-dutch-vocabulary-2","tag-grammar","tag-grammatical","tag-name-words","tag-nouns","tag-objects","tag-subjects","tag-terms"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/110"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4157"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4186,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4157\/revisions\/4186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}