{"id":4171,"date":"2016-04-18T08:30:05","date_gmt":"2016-04-18T08:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/?p=4171"},"modified":"2016-04-10T19:59:11","modified_gmt":"2016-04-10T19:59:11","slug":"odd-gramatical-terms-in-dutch-grammar-pt-2-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/odd-gramatical-terms-in-dutch-grammar-pt-2-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Odd Gramatical Terms in Dutch Grammar – Pt. 2: Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you have studied any language, or even just English, you have come across terms\u00a0for the types of words and word combinations in the language. You might have also come across the widespread Latin terms for cases:\u00a0nominativus, accusativus, dativus, genitivus,\u00a0<\/em>or even an\u00a0ablativus<\/em>. This is to identify the role of nouns in a sentence. These were discussed last week in the first post.<\/p>\n

There are also designations for verbs, for example\u00a0infinitivus<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0imperativus.\u00a0<\/em>In many languages, these terms have been modified to make better understandable what these terms refer to. These are discussed this week! Next week, there will be a little test for you to try out and see how good you are at this!<\/p>\n

In the Netherlands, they came up with a wide range of them. I personally did not find them to be of such great help in school, but nonetheless they are an integral part of learning Dutch. Why? If you know how a sentence is put together, what belongs where, if you have a structure to hold on to, it is much easier for you to understand the weird structure Dutch can have sometimes.<\/p>\n

Here is a list of the most common\u00a0terms and their English counterparts, with examples. In parentheses after the translation (= “…”) is the literal translation of the Dutch words to English, to make their meaning clearer.<\/p>\n

1. Verb – werkwoord\u00a0<\/em>(= “work word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: to punch<\/span><\/p>\n

\"To<\/a>

To punch<\/p><\/div>\n

2. Infinitive – hele werkwoord\u00a0<\/em>(= “whole work word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: to punch<\/span><\/p>\n

\"To<\/a>

To punch<\/p><\/div>\n

3. Active verb – persoonsvorm<\/em>\u00a0(= “person form”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark punches<\/span> Tom<\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark punches Tom<\/p><\/div>\n

The\u00a0persoonsvorm\u00a0<\/em>is the verb that just says what the\u00a0onderwerp\u00a0<\/em>(subject) is doing. It describes what the action is, in this case punching. The Dutch\u00a0persoonsvorm\u00a0<\/em>makes sense: it is the personal form of the verb. It is conjugated according to the subject (e.g. if two people punch Tom, the verb changes from “punches” to “punch”).<\/p>\n

In “Tom was punched by Mark”, Tom is the subject,\u00a0“was”\u00a0is the\u00a0persoonsvorm\u00a0<\/em>(“was punched”\u00a0<\/em>would be the\u00a0gezegde<\/em>, see below). So even though this would be a passive verb in English terms, the Dutch just call it a\u00a0persoonsvorm\u00a0<\/em>as well.<\/p>\n

A tip to find the persoonsvorm in Dutch: make a question out of the sentence! “Mark punches Tom” =\u00a0Mark stompt Tom<\/em>. Q:\u00a0Stompt Mark Tom?\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

The first word of the question sentence is the\u00a0persoonsvorm<\/em> – so\u00a0stompt\u00a0<\/em>in this case! This also works for the passive: “Tom was punched by Mark” =\u00a0Tom werd gestompt door Mark<\/em>. Q:\u00a0Werd Tom gestompt door Mark<\/em>?<\/p>\n

Werd\u00a0<\/em>is the first word, so that is the\u00a0persoonsvorm<\/em>.<\/p>\n

4. Predicate – gezegde<\/em>\u00a0– (= “saying”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark invites\u00a0<\/span>Tom\u00a0to a\u00a0dinner<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark invites Tom to a dinner<\/p><\/div>\n

The predicate normally just takes together the\u00a0persoonsvorm\u00a0<\/em>and other connected parts of the sentence, in this case the\u00a0invites to\u00a0<\/em>a dinner<\/em>. It is all part of the\u00a0gezegde<\/em>! In the case of\u00a0“Tom was punched by Mark”, “was punched” is the\u00a0gezegde<\/em>!<\/p>\n

5.<\/span> Predicate nominative – naamwoordelijk\u00a0(deel van het) gezegde<\/em> (= “noun wordal (part of the) saying”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark\u00a0is<\/span> happy<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark is happy<\/p><\/div>\n

The\u00a0naamwoordelijk deel van het gezegde\u00a0<\/em>always says something about what somebody or something\u00a0is<\/span><\/em>. So, in this case, Mark\u00a0is\u00a0<\/em>… Well, he is something – happy\u00a0in this case. “Happy” refers\u00a0only to Mark himself. Therefore, it is connected to the\u00a0gezegde<\/em>, as this says something about the onderwerp<\/em>, the\u00a0subject, of the sentence. So here, the\u00a0naamwoordelijk gezegde\u00a0<\/em>is “is happy”. It should also fall under the\u00a0gezegde<\/em>, but is just a bit more specific.<\/p>\n

Little bonus, but not\u00a0that\u00a0<\/em>important:\u00a0is\u00a0<\/em>in this sentence is a\u00a0koppelwerkwoord\u00a0<\/em>(copula verb), which connects “Mark”\u00a0with “happy”!<\/p>\n

8. Auxiliary verb – hulpwerkwoord <\/em>(= “help work word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Tom is\u00a0<\/span>invited <\/span>by Mark<\/p>\n

\"Tom<\/a>

Tom is\u00a0invited by Mark<\/p><\/div>\n

The\u00a0hulpwerkwoord\u00a0<\/em>helps the\u00a0hoofdwerkwoord\u00a0<\/em>(main verb) to convey its meaning. “Tom invited by Mark” does not make sense, no, it needs help to be complete – and so there is “is”! A\u00a0hulpwerkwoord\u00a0<\/em>can also be, for example, “can” (Mark can punch Tom – “can” is the\u00a0hulpwerkwoord<\/em> here!), or a form of\u00a0“to have” for a perfect time (e.g. has punched, has been punched). So, the\u00a0hulpwerkwoord\u00a0<\/em>is just there to help the main\u00a0werkwoord\u00a0<\/em>make sense!<\/p>\n

7.\u00a0<\/span>Adverb – bijwoord<\/em> (= “by word”)<\/span><\/p>\n

example: Mark happily\u00a0<\/span>invites\u00a0<\/span>Tom\u00a0to a\u00a0dinner<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Mark<\/a>

Mark happily invites Tom to a dinner<\/p><\/div>\n

The\u00a0bijwoord\u00a0<\/em>says something about the verb (adverb – it “adds” something to the verb). It details further\u00a0how\u00a0<\/em>the action is performed. So here, Mark not just invites\u00a0Tom, he does so\u00a0happily<\/em>!<\/p>\n

Next week, you can try to do this yourself! Can you do it? Good luck!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

If you have studied any language, or even just English, you have come across terms\u00a0for the types of words and word combinations in the language. You might have also come across the widespread Latin terms for cases:\u00a0nominativus, accusativus, dativus, genitivus,\u00a0or even an\u00a0ablativus. This is to identify the role of nouns in a sentence. These were…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":4184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[27710,3590,27711],"tags":[6,255534,406679,7065,166],"class_list":["post-4171","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dutch-grammar","category-dutch-language","category-dutch-vocabulary-2","tag-grammar","tag-grammatical","tag-noun-words","tag-terms","tag-verbs"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/110"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4171"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4185,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171\/revisions\/4185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/dutch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}