{"id":6184,"date":"2017-07-20T14:36:50","date_gmt":"2017-07-20T18:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/?p=6184"},"modified":"2017-07-20T14:46:48","modified_gmt":"2017-07-20T18:46:48","slug":"english-ologies-ographies-and-onomies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/english-ologies-ographies-and-onomies\/","title":{"rendered":"English Ologies, Ographies, and Onomies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-6185\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In English, you will find many words with the same <strong>suffix<\/strong>, or word ending. Three of the most common suffixes sound somewhat alike, and are often confused with each other. Here\u2019s how to tell them apart, and some of the most common examples of each.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Ology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Ology<\/strong> is a real word, a noun taken from the common 5-letter suffix meaning <em>a field or branch of study<\/em>. It is the comprehensive, usually scientific, study of a particular subject, and there are many of them. The word is derived from the ancient Greek word <strong>logia<\/strong>, meaning <em>the study of<\/em>. In English, we use <strong>o <\/strong>as a connector to form <strong>compounds<\/strong>. More on that later. The plural of ology is <strong>ologies<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cHe\u2019s an expert in one of the ologies, I just can\u2019t remember which one.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>You may be wondering about the common English word <strong>apology<\/strong>. Is it a science of something? It even has the same plural ending -ologies. However, apology has a very different origin. It is a compound from the Greek <em>apo<\/em>, meaning <em>away from<\/em>, and <em>logos<\/em>, meaning <em>speech<\/em>. Here, the o isn\u2019t a connector, as it is a part of the word itself.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some common ologies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Geology<\/strong> \u2013 The study of Earth, its structure and its development<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biology<\/strong> \u2013 The study of living creatures<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anthropology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of the development of humankind<\/li>\n<li><strong>Criminology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of crime and its effects on society<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meteorology<\/strong> \u2013 The study of weather and weather forecasting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here are some of the more unusual, but real, ologies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Axiology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of human values and value judgements<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eschatology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of finality, or the end of things<\/li>\n<li><strong>Etymology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of the origin of words (I do this a lot in this blog)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phrenology <\/strong>\u2013 The study of the shape of a skull to determine someone\u2019s character<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scatology <\/strong>(This has two meanings, both real) \u2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The study of obscenity<\/li>\n<li>The study of excrement<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>-Ography<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Now that you\u2019re all wondering why anyone would want to study some of those things, let\u2019s consider the suffix <strong>-ography<\/strong>. Earlier I wrote that \u201cIn English, we use <strong>o <\/strong>as a connector to form <strong>compounds<\/strong>.\u201d Graphy is the actual suffix, with o serving as the connector, and it comes from the French word <em>graphie<\/em>, meaning <em>written form<\/em>. Words with this suffix, then, are also fields of study but often done in writing or some form of artistic method. As with all things in the English language, this can be misleading, and there are exceptions. Here are some common <strong>-ographies<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Biography <\/strong>\u2013 The study of a person\u2019s life<\/li>\n<li><strong>Photography<\/strong> \u2013 The art and practice of taking photographs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cartography<\/strong> \u2013 The study and art of the creation of maps<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oceanography <\/strong>\u2013 The study of the Earth\u2019s oceans<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cinematography <\/strong>\u2013 The art and science of creating images for the cinema<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some -ographies are lists:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bibliography <\/strong>\u2013 The list of resources used by an author in researching a written work<\/li>\n<li><strong>Filmography <\/strong>\u2013 A list of related films<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discography <\/strong>\u2013 A list of related recordings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And some -ographies are just, well, odd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Steganography <\/strong>\u2013 The art and science of creating hidden images within images<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cryptography <\/strong>\u2013 The art and science of writing and deciphering coded messages<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tasseography <\/strong>\u2013 The art and science of reading tea leaves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>-Onomy<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>If an ology is the study of a particular subject, an -onomy is the body of knowledge, and rules surrounding a subject of study. Once again coming to us from the ancient Greeks, it is derived from <em>nomos<\/em>, meaning <em>law<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The most commonly confused pair of these words is probably <strong>astrology<\/strong> and <strong>astronomy<\/strong>, and they perfectly serve to explain the differences in the two suffixes. <strong>Astronomy<\/strong> is a field of science concerned with the physical universe. <strong>Astrology<\/strong> is the study of how the planets in the night sky affect our lives. While they were once considered similar, astrology was dismissed as a serious field of scientific study about 400 years ago. However, it remains a popular pastime and hobby for many. So, astronomy has genuine known rules and facts, and astrology is just a field of interest and study, with no actual scientific basis.<\/p>\n<p>Some other -onomies include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Taxonomy <\/strong>\u2013 The grouping and classification of organisms<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economy <\/strong>\u2013 The system and management of finances<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gastronomy <\/strong>\u2013 The art or science of fine eating<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agronomy <\/strong>\u2013 The science of soil management and crop production<\/li>\n<li><strong>Isonomy <\/strong>\u2013 The equality of citizens under the law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And one very odd -onomy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Aeronomy <\/strong>\u2013 The study of the gasses in the upper atmosphere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do you know of any other examples?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-350x233.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2017\/07\/ology.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>In English, you will find many words with the same suffix, or word ending. Three of the most common suffixes sound somewhat alike, and are often confused with each other. Here\u2019s how to tell them apart, and some of the most common examples of each. Ology Ology is a real word, a noun taken from&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/english-ologies-ographies-and-onomies\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":138,"featured_media":6185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[135139,135370],"tags":[500828,163020,500829,4754,930,150,13],"class_list":["post-6184","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-language","category-english-vocabulary","tag-ography","tag-ology","tag-onomy","tag-compound-words","tag-english","tag-suffix","tag-vocabulary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/138"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6184"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6187,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6184\/revisions\/6187"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}