{"id":3064,"date":"2017-11-27T05:38:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T05:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/?p=3064"},"modified":"2017-11-29T22:21:32","modified_gmt":"2017-11-29T22:21:32","slug":"de-kaj-da-how-do-you-say-a-glass-of-water-in-esperanto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/de-kaj-da-how-do-you-say-a-glass-of-water-in-esperanto\/","title":{"rendered":"De kaj Da &#8211; How do you say &#8220;a glass of water&#8221; in Esperanto?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>How do you say &#8220;a glass of water&#8221; in Esperanto?<\/h1>\n<div id=\"attachment_3062\" style=\"width: 290px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3062\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3062\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2017\/11\/1695650382_e8944bbec8_o-280x350.jpg\" alt=\"A glass of water\" width=\"280\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2017\/11\/1695650382_e8944bbec8_o-280x350.jpg 280w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2017\/11\/1695650382_e8944bbec8_o.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3062\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by Greg Riegler on Flikr.com<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In last month&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/keys-to-understanding-esperanto-prepositions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post<\/a>\u00a0we talked about prepositions &#8211; how to use them in general. This time we&#8217;re going to take a closer look at two specific prepositions that are often confused. These are <em>de<\/em>\u00a0and <em>da<\/em>. If you&#8217;re having problems with these two words, don&#8217;t feel bad. The authors of the e-mail course (used in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLl5PRFz0DHxZFcwSHcLDDkVzVq553ULx3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lernu kun Logano<\/a>) didn&#8217;t get it quite right, and when a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/confusing-de-and-da\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previous blogger<\/a>\u00a0took a crack at it, a few readers commented with questions and corrections, and I said I would come back to the topic in a new post. Here we are.<\/p>\n<h2>What are you thinking &#8220;of&#8221;?<\/h2>\n<p>Both <em>de<\/em> and <em>da<\/em> can be translated &#8220;of&#8221;, but they are used differently.<\/p>\n<p><em>De<\/em> shows attachment or belonging.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La ideo de Karlo &#8211; Karlo&#8217;s idea<\/li>\n<li>La pinto de la monto &#8211; the peak of the mountain<\/li>\n<li>La prezo de pano &#8211; the price of bread<\/li>\n<li>Li venas de Hispanujo &#8211; He comes from Spain (he&#8217;s Spanish.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>De<\/em> is often translated &#8220;from&#8221;, but don&#8217;t confuse this with <em>el<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mi venas el Hispanujo &#8211; I am on my way from Spain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>De<\/em> can also be used to show who did something.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ronkado de Avo &#8211; Grandpa&#8217;s snoring<\/li>\n<li>Libro legata de Panjo &#8211; a book read by Mom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>It&#8217;s all about the quantities, baby.<\/h2>\n<p><em>Da<\/em> is the preposition to use with quantities. It&#8217;s used with <em>kiom<\/em> (how much \/ how many) and answers to <em>kiom<\/em>. Sometimes it&#8217;s translated &#8220;of&#8221;, but often it&#8217;s not translated at all.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kiom da butero? How much butter?<\/li>\n<li>Litro da lakto &#8211; A liter of milk<\/li>\n<li>Kilogramo da sukero &#8211; A kilogram of sugar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8220;Quantity&#8221; here doesn&#8217;t need to be a standard unit of measure. It can be anything that answers (or asks) the question &#8220;how much&#8221;. To return to the question in the title, &#8220;how much&#8221; can also be &#8220;a glass.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glaso da akvo &#8211; A glass of water<\/li>\n<li>Iom da doloro &#8211; Some pain<\/li>\n<li>Multe da lernado &#8211; A lot of learning<\/li>\n<li>Tri tagoj da lernado &#8211; three days of learning (three days&#8217; worth)<\/li>\n<li>Granda nombro da lernantoj &#8211; a big number of learners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>If it looks like a quantity and quacks like something else&#8230;<\/h2>\n<p>Note that with these last two examples, we only use <em>da<\/em> if the expression we&#8217;re using could be an answer to <em>kiom<\/em>.\u00a0 How much learning? Three days worth. How many learners? A big number of them. If it can&#8217;t be an answer to <em>kiom<\/em>, then you should use <em>de<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tri tagoj de lernado &#8211; Three learning days. Three days of learning.<\/li>\n<li>La nombro de lernantoj estis granda. The number of learners was big.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In these last two examples, <em>de<\/em> is used to tell us what kind of days they are and what kind of number it is.<\/p>\n<h2>It&#8217;s the definite article \/ Don&#8217;t use da with la.<\/h2>\n<p>Another important detail is that <em>da<\/em> can only be used when the thing measured is indefinite. <strong>Simply put, don&#8217;t use <em>da<\/em> with <em>la<\/em><\/strong>. This also applies to words that work similar to <em>la<\/em> like <em>tiu<\/em> or <em>mia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iom da akvo &#8211; some water<\/li>\n<li>iom <strong>de tiu<\/strong> pli pura akvo &#8211; some of that cleaner water<\/li>\n<li>amaso da amikoj &#8211; a ton of friends<\/li>\n<li>amaso <strong>de miaj<\/strong> amikoj &#8211; a ton of my friends<\/li>\n<li>iom da vino &#8211; some wine<\/li>\n<li>iom <strong>de ilia<\/strong> vino &#8211; some of their wine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One way to look at this is that if you&#8217;ve specified which water, or milk, or friends you&#8217;re talking about, you need to say that you&#8217;re selecting some &#8220;from&#8221; that group. In fact, Esperanto works this way because of Slavic influence. Notice, however, that English does something similar with the examples using &#8220;some&#8221;.\u00a0 The way we join the quantity word to the thing measured changes if we use &#8220;the&#8221; or &#8220;my.&#8221; (In English this only works with &#8220;some&#8221; and &#8220;how much&#8221;, but I mention it to point out that a lot of languages do this sort of thing.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some pickles.<\/li>\n<li>Some fancy pickles.<\/li>\n<li>Some <strong>of<\/strong> the fancy pickles.<\/li>\n<li>Some <strong>of<\/strong> your pickles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>and<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How much water?<\/li>\n<li>How much <strong>of<\/strong> the cleaner water?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Comment and come back next month.<\/h2>\n<p>What do you think? Are there any other prepositions which give you grief?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"280\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2017\/11\/1695650382_e8944bbec8_o-280x350-1-280x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p>How do you say &#8220;a glass of water&#8221; in Esperanto? In last month&#8217;s\u00a0blog post\u00a0we talked about prepositions &#8211; how to use them in general. This time we&#8217;re going to take a closer look at two specific prepositions that are often confused. These are de\u00a0and da. If you&#8217;re having problems with these two words, don&#8217;t feel&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/de-kaj-da-how-do-you-say-a-glass-of-water-in-esperanto\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":3068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[7736],"tags":[289733,13469,13853,5105,13850,13854],"class_list":["post-3064","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esperanto-language","tag-da","tag-de","tag-de-and-da","tag-esperanto","tag-esperanto-prepositions","tag-quantities-in-esperanto"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/149"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3064"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3070,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064\/revisions\/3070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/esperanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}