{"id":1881,"date":"2017-01-26T06:00:57","date_gmt":"2017-01-26T11:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hebrew\/?p=1881"},"modified":"2017-11-04T15:10:03","modified_gmt":"2017-11-04T19:10:03","slug":"the-hebrew-verb-root-and-binyanim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hebrew\/the-hebrew-verb-root-and-binyanim\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hebrew Verb: Root and Binyanim"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Photo by Ayana<\/p><\/div>\n

Hebrew verbs are small units that need to be constructed every time corresponding to the sentence context. There are three basic steps to this construction: the first includes the root. The basis of every verb is the root, since it is the one to deliver the content of the action. The second step includes the Binyanim. The verb is formed by casting the root into one of the Binyanim. Binyan is a frame that shapes the content into mood and meaning, and stresses the subject\/object, passive\/active. The final step of building the verb is to conjugate it according to tense and pronoun. Today we’ll delve into the first two steps: root and Binyanim.<\/p>\n

Root <\/u>\u05e9\u05c1\u05b9\u05d5\u05e8\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1<\/u><\/p>\n

Roots are sequence of consonants, usually composed of three consonants. The designated model of the Hebrew root is \u05e4-\u05e2-\u05dc, from the word \u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc (verb). This model helps us distinguish between the three consonants. The first consonant called \u05e4’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc. The second – \u05e2’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc. The third – \u05dc’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc.<\/p>\n

We already learned together two roots, let’s review them again. The first one<\/a> was the root \u05db-\u05ea-\u05d1 (k-t-v). It is, like most of the Hebrew roots, a tri-consonantal root. The first consonant is \u05db. The second consonant is \u05ea. The third consonant is \u05d1. If we use Hebrew terminology we’ll say that \u05e4’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc is \u05db. \u05e2’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc is \u05ea. \u05dc’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc is \u05d1. Together these three consonants compose the content of writing. The second root<\/a> we’ve already learned was a tri-consonantal root as well: the root \u05d6-\u05dc-\u05dc (z-l-l). \u05e4’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05ba\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc of this root is \u05d6. \u05e2’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05ba\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc is \u05dc. \u05dc’ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05ba\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc is \u05dc.Together these three consonants compose the content of gorging.<\/p>\n

The root is the core of the verb. The roots\u2019 content stay still no matter which Binyan or tense the root is cast into. The root can become verb, adjective, or noun; in the past or in the future; attached to single or plural \u2013it doesn’t matter, it keeps its content. For example the root \u05d6-\u05dc-\u05dc can be mold into words like: \u05d6\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05df (glutton), \u05d6\u05b0\u05dc\u05c5\u05d9\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4 (overeating), \u05d6\u05b8\u05dc\u05b0\u05dc\u05d5\u05bc (they gorged themselves).<\/p>\n

Ready for our third root? It’s a daily useful one: \u05dc-\u05d1-\u05e9 (l-v-sh). It conveys the idea of wearing. It can for example mold into words like: \u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05c1 (clothing), \u05dc\u05b8\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05c1 (dressed), \u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b9\u05d5\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05ea (costume), \u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05c5\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05d4 (wearing), \u05dc\u05b8\u05d1\u05c5\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 (wearable), \u05dc\u05b8\u05d1\u05b7\u05e9 (He wore).<\/p>\n

Binyanim <\/u>\u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd<\/u><\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df is a noun, meaning building. It refers to an actual building. One can definitely walk down the street, point out and say: this is a beautiful \u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df. In grammar terminology it has a similar meaning. It is a firm structure, into which the root is inserted, to form the verb.<\/p>\n

We have seven \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd in Hebrew. Each \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df portrays a particular aspect of the root. The same root can be embedded into different \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd, to build different verbs. The verbs may differ in meaning but still convey the same idea of the root. The root keeps its content, while the \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df change the subject and the object, the passive and the active.<\/p>\n

We divide the \u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd into two groups: active and passive.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Active Binyanim<\/strong><\/td>\nPassive Binyanim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pa`al \u05e4\u05bc\u05b8\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc<\/td>\nNiph`al \u05e0\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hiph`il \u05d4\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05b4\u05d9\u05dc<\/td>\nPu`al \u05e4\u05bc\u05bb\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pi`el \u05e4\u05bc\u05b4\u05e2\u05b5\u05dc<\/td>\nHuph`al \u05d4\u05bb\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hitpa`el \u05d4\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b5\u05dc<\/td>\nHitpa`el \u05d4\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b5\u05dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*As you can see Binyan Hitpa`el can be both passive and active.<\/p>\n

Now, let’s see these \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd in action, and cast the roots we’ve learned into their frame.<\/p>\n

The active Binyanim:<\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05e4\u05bc\u05b8\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05db\u05bc\u05b8\u05ea\u05b7\u05d1<\/p>\n

He wrote<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d6\u05b8\u05dc\u05b7\u05dc<\/p>\n

He overate<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05b8\u05d1\u05b7\u05e9<\/p>\n

He wore<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05d4\u05c5\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05c5\u05d9\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05c5\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05c5\u05d9\u05d1<\/p>\n

He dictated<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05c5\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05d9\u05e9<\/p>\n

He dressed (someone) up<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05e4\u05bc\u05c5\u05e2\u05b5\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05db\u05c5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05d1<\/p>\n

He added (someone) as a recipient<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05d4\u05c5\u05ea\u05b0\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b5\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05c5\u05ea\u05b0\u05db\u05bc\u05b8\u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05d1<\/p>\n

He corresponded with (someone)<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05c5\u05ea\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05e9<\/p>\n

He was dressing up<\/p>\n

The passive Binyanim:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05e0\u05c5\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05c5\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1<\/p>\n

It was written<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05c5\u05d6\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05dc<\/p>\n

It was gorged<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05c5\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05e9<\/p>\n

It was worn<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05e4\u05bc\u05bb\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05db\u05bc\u05bb\u05ea\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1<\/p>\n

He was added as a recipient<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05df \u05d4\u05bb\u05e4\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc:<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05bb\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1<\/p>\n

It was dictated<\/p>\n

\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05bb\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05e9<\/p>\n

He was dressing up by (someone)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As you have noticed the roots \u05d6-\u05dc-\u05dc and \u05dc-\u05d1-\u05e9 don’t fit into all of the \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd. Most of the roots actually don’t use all of the \u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd. Many of them, like \u05dc-\u05d1-\u05e9, can fit only into four or five \u05d1\u05bc\u05c5\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd. Some of them, like \u05d6-\u05dc-\u05dc, can fit merely into two or three \u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd. Insert them into the other \u05d1\u05c5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e0\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd won’t create any word with a meaning.<\/p>\n

Hebrew grammar is tough. Dedicate 10 minutes a day to practice roots and Binyanim, and notice how easy it become in no time. Feel free to leave a comment and ask any questions.<\/p>\n

\u05dc\u05c5\u05d9\u05de\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3 \u05e0\u05b8\u05e2\u05c5\u05d9\u05dd!<\/p>\n

Pleasant learning!<\/p>\n

Keep Calm and Learn Hebrew<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

Hebrew verbs are small units that need to be constructed every time corresponding to the sentence context. There are three basic steps to this construction: the first includes the root. The basis of every verb is the root, since it is the one to deliver the content of the action. The second step includes the…<\/p>\n

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