{"id":191,"date":"2012-04-04T15:41:32","date_gmt":"2012-04-04T19:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hebrew\/?p=191"},"modified":"2014-08-28T09:34:51","modified_gmt":"2014-08-28T13:34:51","slug":"celebrating-passover-part-3-seder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hebrew\/celebrating-passover-part-3-seder\/","title":{"rendered":"Celebrating Passover – Part 3 – Seder"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

It is traditional for Jewish families to gather on the first night of \u05e4\u05e1\u05d7<\/span> (pe-sakh<\/em>) (outside of Israel it would be two nights<\/em>) for a special dinner called a \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der – Seder<\/em>). The table is set with the finest china and silverware to reflect the importance of the meal. During this meal, the story of the Exodus from Egypt is retold using a special text called the \u05d4\u05b7\u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4\u200e<\/span> (ha-ga-da – Haggadah<\/em>). Four cups of wine are consumed at various stages in the narrative. There are fifteen steps in the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der – Seder<\/em>), described in the \u05d4\u05b7\u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4\u200e<\/span> (ha-ga-da – Haggadah<\/em>) and are followed step-by-step. They are usually sung, to a special melody, at the beginning of the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>) and sometimes when beginning the next step in the process.<\/p>\n

1. \u05e7\u05b4\u05d3\u05bc\u05b5\u05e9\u05c1<\/span> (ki-desh<\/em>) \u2013 Recital of Kiddush blessing. The first glass of wine is drunk.<\/p>\n

2. \ufb35\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b7\u05e5<\/span> (ur-khats<\/em>) \u2013 Here the hands are washed to be clean for the eating of the vegetable dipped in salt water. No blessing is recited here.<\/p>\n

3. \u05db\u05bc\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05e1<\/span> (kar-pas<\/em>) \u2013 Eat the green vegetable dipped in salt water. The salt water is symbolic of the tears shed by the people of Israel in Egypt during slavery and throughout their history.<\/p>\n

4. \u05d9\u05b8\u05d7\u05b8\u05e5<\/span> (ya-khatz<\/em>) \u2013 Break the middle matza and hide half for \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> (‘a-fi-ko-man<\/em>). The smaller piece, representing the “bread of affliction,” is returned to the \u05e4\u05e1\u05d7<\/span> (pe-sakh<\/em>) plate to be eaten later for the Mitzvah of Matza. The larger piece, representing the Passover Sacrifice, to be eaten at the end of the meal.<\/p>\n

5 \u05de\u05b7\u05d2\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05d3<\/span> (ma-gid<\/em>) \u2013 Tell the story of \u05e4\u05e1\u05d7<\/span> (pe-sakh<\/em>). This is the part where the youngest child asks the four questions (given below<\/em>). The second cup of wine is drunk at this time. Miriam’s cup is filled with water and the story of how she helped find water in the desert and how women have helped the Jewish people are told.<\/p>\n

6. \u05e8\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e6\u05b8\u05d4<\/span> (ra-kha-tsa<\/em>) \u2013 The hands are washed again. This is the regular blessing recited before every meal in which bread (or in this case, matza<\/em>) is eaten.<\/p>\n

7. \u05de\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0<\/span> (mo-tsi<\/em>) \u2013 Say \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0<\/span> (ha-mo-tsi – Hamotzi<\/em>) (The blessing for bread<\/em>) while holding the remaining Matzot.<\/p>\n

8. \u05de\u05b7\u05e6\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4<\/span> (ma-tso<\/em>) \u2013 Special blessing for the \u05de\u05b7\u05e6\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4<\/span> (ma-tsa<\/em>). Everyone eats a part of the top and the middle \u05de\u05b7\u05e6\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4<\/span> (ma-tsa<\/em>).<\/p>\n

7. \u05de\u05b8\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8<\/span> (ma-ror<\/em>) \u2013 Eating of the bitter herb. Everyone eats lettuce leaves or celery stalks dipped into \u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05b9\u05e1\u05b6\u05ea<\/span> (kha-ro-set<\/em>) (a mix of nuts, apples, cinnamon, and sweet wine <\/em>).<\/p>\n

10 \u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0<\/span> (ko-rekh<\/em>) \u2013 Eat the \u05de\u05b8\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8<\/span> (ma-ror – bitter herb<\/em>) and \u05de\u05b7\u05e6\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4<\/span> (ma-tsa<\/em>) together.<\/p>\n

11. \u05e9\u05c1\u05bb\u05dc\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05df \u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0<\/span> (shul-khan o-re-kh<\/em>) \u2013 lit. “set table”\u2014Serve the festive meal.<\/p>\n

12. \u05e6\u05b8\u05e4\u05d5\u05bc\u05df<\/span> (tsa-fun<\/em>) \u2013 Eating the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> (‘a-fi-ko-man<\/em>). The \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> (‘a-fi-ko-man<\/em>) symbolizes the Passover Sacrifice and is eaten at the end of the meal. Some traditions put the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> (‘a-fi-ko-man<\/em>) into a pillow case to symbolize that when the people of Israel left Egypt, they carried everything they could on their backs. The pillow case is passed around the table during the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der – Seder<\/em>).<\/p>\n

13. \u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \/ \u05d1\u05bc\u05b9\u05e8\u05b7\u05da\u05b0<\/span> (be-rekh -or- bo-rakh<\/em>) \u2013 Saying of grace after meal. The third cup of wine is drunk at this time. The cup of Elijah the prophet is filled.<\/p>\n

14. \u05d4\u05b7\u05dc\u05bc\u05b5\u05dc<\/span> (hal-lel<\/em>) \u2013 Reciting of the Hallel. This is a recitation of Psalm 113, Psalm 114, Psalm 115:1\u201311,12\u201318, Psalm 116:1\u201311,12\u201319, Psalm 117 and Psalm 118. The fourth cup of wine is drunk.<\/p>\n

15. \u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b0\u05e6\u05b7\u05d4<\/span> (nir-tsa<\/em>) \u2013 Concluding the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>). We conclude with an additional prayer that we conduct the next \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>) in Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Self published work by Gilabrand<\/p><\/div>\n

These 15 parts parallel the 15 steps in the Temple in Jerusalem on which the Levites stood during Temple services, and memorialized in Psalms 120-134, known as \u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea<\/span> (shir ha-ma-‘a-lot – “Songs of Ascent”<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\n

The four questions<\/h3>\n

Children have a very important role in the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>). Traditionally the youngest child is prompted to ask questions by asking \u05de\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea<\/span> (ma nish-ta-na ha-lay-la ha-ze mi-kol ha-lay-lot? – Why is this night different from all other nights?<\/em>). The questions encourage the discussion of the significance of the symbols in the meal. The four questions are:<\/p>\n

1. \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05df \u05d7\u05de\u05e5 \u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05db\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e6\u05d4<\/span>
\nsheb-khol ha-lay-lot ‘a-nu ‘o-klin kha-mets u-ma-tsa. ha-lay-la ha-ze ku-lo ma-tsa? (Listen<\/a>)
\nOn all other nights, we eat either unleavened or leavened bread, but tonight we eat only unleavened bread?<\/p>\n

2. \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e8\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8<\/span>
\nsheb-khol ha-lay-lot ‘a-nu ‘o-klin shar i-ra-kot ha-lay-la ha-ze ma-ror? (Listen<\/a>)
\nOn all other nights, we eat all kinds of vegetables, but tonight, we eat only bitter herbs?<\/p>\n

3. \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e4\u05e2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05e9\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd<\/span>
\nsheb-khol ha-lay-lot ‘eyn ‘a-nu mat-bi-lin ‘a-fi-lu pa-‘am e-khat. ha-lay-lat ha-ze shtey p’a-mim? (Listen<\/a>)
\nOn all other nights, we do not dip [our food] even once, but tonight we dip twice?<\/p>\n

4. \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05df<\/span>
\nsheb-khol ha-lay-lot ‘a-nu ‘o-klin beyn yosh-bin u-veyn mi-su-bin. ha-lay-lot ha-ze ku-la-nu me-su-bin? (Listen<\/a>)
\nOn all other nights, we eat either sitting or reclining, but tonight we only recline?<\/p>\n

Often the leader of the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>) and the other adults at the meal will use prompted responses from the \u05d4\u05b7\u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4\u200e<\/span> (ha-ga-da<\/em>), which states, “The more one talks about the Exodus from Egypt, the more praiseworthy he is.” Many readings, prayers, and stories are used to recount the story of the Exodus. Many households add their own commentary and interpretation and often the story of the Jews is related to the theme of liberation and its implications worldwide.<\/p>\n

\n

\u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> (‘a-fi-ko-man<\/em>) – Afikoman<\/h3>\n

The \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> is used to engage the interest and excitement of the children at the table. During \u05d9\u05b8\u05d7\u05b8\u05e5<\/span> (ya-khatz<\/em>) (see step four above<\/em>), the leader breaks the middle piece of matzo into two. He sets aside the larger portion as the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span>. Many families use the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> as a device for keeping the children awake and alert throughout the \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8<\/span> (se-der<\/em>) proceedings by hiding the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> and offering a prize for its return. Alternatively, the children are allowed to “steal” the it and demand a reward for its return. In either case, the \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b8\u05df<\/span> must be consumed during \u05e6\u05b8\u05e4\u05d5\u05bc\u05df<\/span> (tsa-fun<\/em>) (see step twelve above<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\n

Concluding songs<\/h3>\n

After the Hallel, the fourth glass of wine is drunk, and participants recite a prayer that ends in \u05dc\u05b7\u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05b5\u05e8\ufb35\u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05dc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd!<\/span> (la-sha-na ha-ba-‘a bi-ye-ru-sha-la-yim – “Next year in Jerusalem!”). This is followed by several lyric prayers that expound upon God’s mercy and kindness, and give thanks for the survival of the Jewish people through a history of exile and hardship. “Echad Mi Yodea” (“Who Knows One?”<\/em>) is a playful song, testing the general knowledge of the children (and the adults<\/em>). Some of these songs, such as “Chad Gadiyah” are allegorical.<\/p>\n

\n

Kiddush blessing:<\/strong>
\n\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05da \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05e4\u05df <\/span>
\nba-rukh a-ta A-do-nai, E-lo-hay-nu, me-lekh ha-o-lam, bo-rei p\u2019ri-y ha-ga-fen.<\/p>\n

Hand washing:<\/strong>
\n\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05da \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e7\u05d3\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd <\/span>
\nba-rukh a-ta A-do-nai, E-lo-hay-nu, me-lekh ha-o-lam a-sher kid-sha-nu be-mits-vo-tav ve-tsi-va-nu al ne-ti-lat ya-da-yim.<\/p>\n

\n

Photo of the Seder table is in the Public Domain. Photo of the Seder plate is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

It is traditional for Jewish families to gather on the first night of \u05e4\u05e1\u05d7 (pe-sakh) (outside of Israel it would be two nights) for a special dinner called a \u05e1\u05b5\u05d3\u05b6\u05e8 (se-der – Seder). The table is set with the finest china and silverware to reflect the importance of the meal. During this meal, the…<\/p>\n

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