{"id":2327,"date":"2011-12-30T09:00:51","date_gmt":"2011-12-30T09:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=2327"},"modified":"2011-12-28T02:41:08","modified_gmt":"2011-12-28T02:41:08","slug":"bhakti-kaal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/bhakti-kaal\/","title":{"rendered":"Bhakti Kaal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hindi literature (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f) is divided into 4 broad styles. These styles are Bhakti <\/em>(\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f – devotional); Shringar <\/em>(beauty), Veer Gatha<\/em> (extolling brave warriors) and Adhunik <\/em>(modern).<\/p>\n

During Adi Kaal<\/em> or Veer Gatha Kaal<\/em> (\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932) having a timeline of 1050 to 1375, saw the first account of Hindi literature. However, most of the Hindi work of this period was soon destroyed by Muhammad Ghori<\/em>, who where on the military campaign to India. After this period, Bhakti Kaal<\/em> period came in which, particularly Hindi poetry was developed and progressed.<\/p>\n

Bhakti Kaal<\/em> (\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 – Devotion Period) was a period from 1375 to 1700 in which, Bhakti<\/em> (devotion) movement<\/em> had an remarkable influence (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935) on the development of Hindi literature. This devotion was toward God (\u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930).<\/p>\n

Hindi along with its dialects such as Braj Bhasha, Bundeli, Awadhi, Kannauji, and Khariboli in Devnagari script were used during this period. Hindi literature could also be found in regional Hindi languages such as Marwari, Maithili, Magahi, Angika, Vajjika and Bhojpuri.<\/p>\n

During this period, most of the Hindi literature was developed in the two dialects of Hindi, Avadhi and Brij Bhasha. The main works in Avadhi are Malik Muhammad Jayasi’s Padmavat<\/em> and Tulsidas’s Ramacharitamanas<\/em>. The major works in Braj dialect (\u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940) are Tulsidas’s Vinaya Patrika<\/em> and Surdas’s Sur Sagar<\/em>. Sadhukaddi was also a language commonly used, especially by Kabir in his poetry and dohas. This period also witnessed much development in poetry. These included verse patterns like Doha<\/em> (two-liners), Sortha<\/em>, Chaupaya<\/em> (four-liners) etc. Other notable writers or poets include Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, Guru Nanak, Dharma Das, Maluk Das, Dadudayal, Sunder Das, Jayasi, Manjhan, Kutuban, Agra Das, Nabha Das and Pran Chand Chauhan, Nand Das, Parmananda Das and Mirabai.<\/p>\n

A famous & very meaningful message presented in a Kabir’s Doha<\/em> (two – liner) :<\/p>\n

\u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0930\u0928 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0948 \u0928 \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0964
\n\u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0930\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u092f \u0965<\/p>\n

Dukh mein sumiran sab kare sukh mein kare na koy\u0964
\nJo sukh mein sumiran kare dukh kaahe ko hoy\u0965<\/p>\n

In sorrow, all remember him (God) but nobody does so in happiness.
\nIf remembered in happiness, how could you be sad.<\/p>\n

This period united the Hindu and Muslim elements into Hindi literature and poetry. The works show light on secular and tolerable (\u0938\u0939\u0928\u0940\u092f) outlook (\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923) of the society of that time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hindi literature (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f) is divided into 4 broad styles. These styles are Bhakti (\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f – devotional); Shringar (beauty), Veer Gatha (extolling brave warriors) and Adhunik (modern). During Adi Kaal or Veer Gatha Kaal (\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932) having a timeline of 1050 to 1375, saw the first account of Hindi literature. However, most of…<\/p>\n

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