{"id":5843,"date":"2017-02-09T03:58:05","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T03:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=5843"},"modified":"2017-02-09T03:58:05","modified_gmt":"2017-02-09T03:58:05","slug":"verb-tenses-i-simple-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/verb-tenses-i-simple-present\/","title":{"rendered":"Verb Tenses I: Simple Present"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"In Hindi, tenses are known as \u0915\u093e\u0932 (k<\/em>aal)<\/i>. \u00a0Past tense is known as\u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0(bhoot kaal).\u00a0<\/i>Present tense is known as \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (vartamaan kaal). <\/em>\u00a0Future tense is called \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d \u0915\u093e\u0932 (bhavishya kaal).<\/i><\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
Like English, there are several types of each tense. Let us begin with the simple present tense or\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0(saamaanya vartamaan kaal).<\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
MINI LESSON <\/span><\/div>\n
The infinitive form in Hindi is made by appending “\u0928\u093e (na)<\/i>” to the root \u092e\u0942\u0932 (mool)\u00a0<\/em>of the word.<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
For example: to eat<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
kha<\/i> + na<\/i> = khana<\/i> (to eat)<\/div>\n
\u0916\u093e + \u0928\u093e = \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
chadh<\/i> + na<\/i> = chadhna<\/i> (to climb)<\/div>\n
\u091a\u095d + \u0928\u093e = \u091a\u095d\u0928\u093e<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\n
A sentence in the simple present tense is onstructed in the following manner:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Subject + conjugated \u00a0verb<\/span>\u00a0[ROOT \u092e\u0942\u0932 + \u0924\u093e \/ \u0924\u0940 \/\u0924\u0947\u00a0ta\/ti<\/i>\u00a0(singular\/plural; masc.\/fem.)] + \u0939\u0942\u0901\/\u0939\u094b \u0939\u0948\/\u0939\u0948\u0902 (conjugated form of the auxiliary verb, “to be,” depending on the subject)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Since this is only a simple intro to constructing the present tense from the infinitive, we will not go into detailed conjugation of the verb “to eat”\u00a0\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e (khana).<\/i><\/p>\n

Instead, we will look at the conjugations that you are most likely to encounter in basic conversations. I will tabulate the first two examples for clarity.<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n

Subject\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/td>\n

\n

root +\u00a0\u0924\u093e \/ \u0924\u0940 \/\u0924\u0947<\/h3>\n

(ta\/ti\/tey)<\/i><\/h3>\n

(conjugated form of the main verb)<\/td>\n

\n

+<\/h1>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0939\u0942\u0901\/\u0939\u094b\/ \u0939\u0948\/\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/h3>\n

(hoon, ho, hai, hain)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

(conjugated form of the auxiliary verb, “to be,” depending on the subject)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0Example 1: \u00a0I eat. \u00a0<\/strong>(1st person, sing., masc.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Main<\/i><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0+<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

KHA + ta<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0+<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

hoon<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0939\u0942\u0901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0Example 2: I eat.<\/strong> (1st person, sing., fem.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Main<\/i><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/td>\n

\n

+<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

KHA + ti<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u00a0<\/i><\/td>\n

\n

+<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

hoon<\/p>\n

\u0939\u0942\u0901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n
\u00a0<\/i><\/div>\n
We eat. (First person, plural.)<\/div>\n
Hum KHA + tay hain.<\/i><\/div>\n
\u0939\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
You eat. (Second person, singular, masculine. Informal.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Tum KHA + tay ho.<\/i><\/div>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
\n
You eat. (Second person, singular, feminine. Informal.)
\nTum KHA + ti <\/i>ho.
\n\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
You eat. (Second person, plural. Informal.)<\/div>\n
Tum (sab) KHA + tay ho.<\/i><\/div>\n
(This literally means, You (all) eat.<\/div>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0938\u092c \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
You eat. (Second person, singular, feminine. Formal.)<\/div>\n
\n
Aap\u00a0<\/i>KHA + tee(n)\u00a0<\/i>\u00a0hain.
\n<\/i>\u0906\u092a \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/i>You eat. (Second person, singular, masculine. Formal.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Aap\u00a0<\/i>KHA + tay\u00a0<\/i>\u00a0hain.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u0906\u092a \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
You eat. (Second person, plural. Formal.)<\/div>\n
Aap\u00a0<\/i>KHA + tay<\/i>\u00a0hain.<\/i><\/div>\n
\u0906\u092a \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0
<\/div><\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
He eats. (Third person, singular, masculine.)<\/div>\n
\n
Veh\u00a0<\/i>KHA + ta<\/i>\u00a0hai.<\/i><\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
She eats. (Third person, singular, feminine.)<\/div>\n
Veh KHA + tee<\/i>\u00a0hai.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964
<\/div><\/div>\n
They eat. (Third person, plural.)<\/div>\n
Vey\u00a0<\/i>KHA + tay<\/i>\u00a0hain.<\/i><\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div><\/u><\/b><\/i><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
PRACTICE<\/span><\/div>\n
Your Turn:<\/u>\u00a0Some sentences have been provided below. Rewrite the sentences with the correct conjugations according to the instructions in the parentheses. The infinitives of the main verbs have been provided for you.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1. He writes. (to write = likhna<\/i>)<\/u><\/div>\n
\n

Check your answer here.\u00a0<\/u><\/u>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2. You (2nd person, feminine, formal) speak. (to speak = bolna)<\/i><\/div>\n
\n

Check your answer here.\u00a0<\/u><\/u>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
3. They shout. (to shout = chillaana<\/i>)<\/u><\/div>\n
\n

Check your answer here.\u00a0<\/u><\/u>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
4. She jumps. (to jump = koodna<\/i>)<\/u><\/div>\n
\n

Check your answer here.\u00a0<\/u><\/u>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
5. He is nice. (to be = hona; <\/i>nice = accha\u00a0<\/i><\/div>\n
\n

Check your answer here.\u00a0<\/u><\/u>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/i><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

In Hindi, tenses are known as \u0915\u093e\u0932 (kaal). \u00a0Past tense is known as\u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0(bhoot kaal).\u00a0Present tense is known as \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (vartamaan kaal). \u00a0Future tense is called \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d \u0915\u093e\u0932 (bhavishya kaal). Like English, there are several types of each tense. Let us begin with the simple present tense or\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0(saamaanya vartamaan kaal). The infinitive form…<\/p>\n

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