{"id":6208,"date":"2017-06-07T04:41:08","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T04:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=6208"},"modified":"2017-06-23T01:28:20","modified_gmt":"2017-06-23T01:28:20","slug":"portuguese-in-hindi-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/portuguese-in-hindi-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Portuguese in Hindi (Part 2): A Tale of Trade, Travel and Cultural Tension"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello again, everyone! \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0932\u094b\u0917\/phir se namaste sab log or, as my Portuguese-speaking friends would say it, Ol\u00e1 de novo gente! That’s right, this week’s blog will be a continuation of where we left off last time: a discussion of the history and legacy of the Portuguese in India. If you missed last week’s blog, you can catch up here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Image by Ian D. Keating on Flickr; Reis Magos (“The Three Wise Men” in Portuguese) fort in Goa, India<\/p><\/div>\n

In 1509, Afonso de Albuquerque became the second Viceroy (or governor) in charge of Portuguese possessions in India; in order to ameliorate continued tensions\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935\/<\/strong>tanaav, masc. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0between the Portuguese and the Zamorin and preserve Portuguese interests in Malabar (India’s southwestern coast, which runs from the modern-day states of Karnataka to Kerala;\u00a0\u0924\u091f\/<\/strong>tat, masc. noun; a “coast along the sea” is expressed as <\/strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0924\u091f\/<\/strong>samudra tat)<\/strong>, Albuquerque signed a treaty with the Zamorin in 1513. Subsequently, Afonso subdued the Bijapur sultans (a Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled Karnataka from 1489 to 1686) with the help of Timmayya (also known as Timoji or Timoja), a pirate of sorts who worked for the Portuguese as well as the Vijayanagara Empire (called the Kingdom of Bisnegar by the Portuguese, this was an empire based in the Deccan Plateau of South India and established in 1336). This enabled Afonso to\u00a0create a permanent Portuguese settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa); not long after, the southern province of Goa became the headquarters of Portuguese India and the home of the viceroy. Besides Goa, you can see traces of Portuguese settlements and culture in Mylapore, a neighborhood in Chennai (Madras), where you can visit the Luz Church, first built in 1516; another church built by the Portuguese in 1522 through the destruction of the Kapaleeswarar Temple, a Shiva temple\u00a0(<\/strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\/<\/strong>mandir, masc. noun)<\/strong>, is S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 (St. Thomas) church (in the same neighborhood).<\/p>\n

After defeating\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\/<\/strong>haraanaa, verb)<\/strong>\u00a0and obtaining territory from the Gujarat Sultanate, the Portuguese\u2019s Indian possessions comprised about 62 miles of the Western\u00a0(<\/strong>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940\/<\/strong>paschimee, adjective)<\/strong>\u00a0coast of India from Daman (Dam\u00e3o in Portuguese) to Chaul; the fortress town of Ba\u00e7aim was responsible for overseeing these northern Portuguese possessions. As Goa became more established as the official seat of Portuguese rule in India, Europeans began to call it the \u201cRome of the East\u201d and it was bestowed the same governing and administrative rights as Lisbon, the capital\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\/<\/strong>raajdhaani, fem. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0of Portugal. The Portuguese senate in India communicated with the Portuguese King directly and sent a special representative to his court.<\/p>\n

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Image by Nick Gray on Flickr; A Portuguese chapel in Goa, India<\/p><\/div>\n

Although once a Portuguese possession, Bombay or Mumbai was given to Britain in 1661 as part of Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza\u2019s dowry\u00a0<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u0926\u0939\u0947\u091c\/<\/strong>dahej, masc. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0when she wed\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\/<\/strong>shaadi karnaa, verb)<\/strong>\u00a0Charles II; later, the Marathas seized much of the Northern province in 1739 and incorporated it into their empire\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\/<\/strong>saamraajya, masc. noun)<\/strong>. Then, in 1843, the Portuguese capital in India shifted to Panjim, which was then named Nova Goa (New Goa), replacing the former capital of Velha Goa (Old Goa).<\/p>\n

Subsequent to India\u2019s independence\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940\/<\/strong>aazaadi, fem. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0in 1947, the Portuguese were the only colonial power that refused to give up its Indian possessions. In 1954, Indian individuals\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/<\/strong>vyakti, masc. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0and organizations\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\/<\/strong>sangathan, masc. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0such as the \u201cUnited Front of Goans\u201d and peaceful protestors following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi (also called “satyagrahis” or\u00a0\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940<\/strong>; this word literally means “those who have an insistence on or zeal for the truth” but also refers to non-violent, political protesters or those who practice civil disobedience) tried to assert their rights to the territories, but they were met largely with violence\u00a0(<\/strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e\/<\/strong>himsaa, fem. noun)<\/strong>\u00a0from the Portuguese. Provoked by this brutality, India discontinued its diplomatic relations with Portugal. After a policy of \u201cwait and watch\u201d that was not successful in expelling the Portuguese, the Indian military invaded the Portuguese-held territories of Goa, Daman and Diu in 1961. Faced with India\u2019s superior armed forces, including air and naval aide, the Viceroy of Portuguese India was forced to surrender, a momentous event that signaled an abrupt end to 450 years of Portuguese rule and presence in India. In 1987, Goa finally became the 25th<\/sup>\u00a0state of the modern Indian nation.<\/p>\n

Stay tuned for next week’s third and final blog in this series about different types of Hindi words and the influence of the Portuguese language on Hindi!<\/p>\n

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Image by David Jones on Flickr; Vagator Beach in Goa, India<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (Shabdaavali ki Soochi)\/Vocabulary List:<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935\/tanaav<\/strong> (masc. noun): tension. Example sentence: \u0905\u0930\u0947! \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906?\/Are! Tumhe itnaa tanaav kyoon ho raha hai? Kyaa huaa? (Hey! Why are you so tense? What happened?)\u0964<\/li>\n
  2. \u0924\u091f\/tat<\/strong> (masc. noun): coast. Example sentence: \u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0924\u091f (\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 is also possible) \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0947\/Weekend ke dauraan, hum samudra-tat (samudra ke kinaare) gaye aur vahaan pe saare din taire (Over the weekend, we went to the beach (sea\/ocean-coast) and swam there the entire day).<\/li>\n
  3. \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\/mandir<\/strong> (masc. noun): temple. Example sentence: \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u0939\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u090a\u0901\/Meri maa chahti hain ki main har hafte apne parivaar ke saath mandir jauun (My mother wants me to go to temple every week with my family).<\/li>\n
  4. \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\/haraanaa<\/strong> (verb): to defeat or conquer. \u0939\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\/haarnaa, a related word, means to lose or to be defeated. Example sentence: \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\/Meraa dushman mujhe haraanaa chahta hai (My enemy wants to defeat me).<\/li>\n
  5. \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940\/paschimee<\/strong> (adjective): Western. Example sentence: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u0948\/Bahut saare Indian logon ko paschimee sanskritee pasand hai aur bahut saare paschimee logo ko Indian sanskritee pasand hai (Many Indian people like Western culture and many Western people like Indian culture).<\/li>\n
  6. \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\/rajdhaani<\/strong> (fem. noun): capital city. Example sentence: \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\/Nayi dilli\/New Delhi India ki raajdhaani hai (New Delhi is the capital city of India).<\/li>\n
  7. \u0926\u0939\u0947\u091c\/dahej<\/strong> (masc. noun): dowry. Example sentence: \u0906\u091c\u0915\u0932, \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0939\u0947\u091c \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\/Aajkal, India me dahej maangnaa gair-kaanuni hai (These days, demanding\/asking for dowry is illegal in India).<\/li>\n
  8. \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\/shaadi karnaa<\/strong> (verb): to marry. Example sentence: \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\/\u0910\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\/Mera baraa bhaai ek din ek mashoor aur sundar abhinetri\/actress se shaadi karnaa chahta hai (My older brother wants to marry a beautiful and famous actress one day).<\/li>\n
  9. \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\/saamraajya<\/strong> (masc. noun): empire. Example sentence: \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\/India ke itihaas me, bahut saare videshi logo desh me aakar apne apne saamrajya sthaapit kiye hain (In India’s history, many foreign people have come to the country and established their own empires).<\/li>\n
  10. \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940\/aazadi<\/strong> (fem. noun): freedom, independence. Example sentence: \u0967\u096f\u096a\u096d\/1947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0901\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940\/1947 me, India ne angrezo se apni aazaadi prapt ki (In 1947, India achieved\/obtained its independence from the British).<\/li>\n
  11. \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/vyakti<\/strong> (masc. noun): individual, person. Example sentence: \u0939\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094b\u0916\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\/Har ek vyakti ke apne anokhe vyaktitva hai (Each person has his\/her own unique personality).<\/li>\n
  12. \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\/sangathan<\/strong> (masc. noun): organization. Example sentence: \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930\/\u092f\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\/Log jo doosre desh yaatraa karke vahaan apne ghar banaate hain, ve aksar saanskritik aur\/ya dhaarmik sangathan banaate hain taaki unko anjaane desh me bhi ghar par hone kaa mehsoos ho sake (People who travel to another country and make their homes there often form cultural and\/or religious organizations so that they can feel at home, even in a strange\/unknown country).<\/li>\n
  13. \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\/satyaagrahi<\/strong> (masc. or fem. noun): peaceful protestor. Example sentence: \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0901\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947) \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\/India ki aazaadi se pehele, bahut log Angrezon ke viruddh (shaanti se) satyaagrahiyon ke roop me larte the (Before India’s independence, many people fought (peacefully) against the British as satyagrahis (peaceful protestors).<\/li>\n
  14. \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e\/hinsaa<\/strong> (fem. noun): violence. Example: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e\/Mahaatmaa Gandhi ko hinsaa par vishvaas nahin thaa (Mahatma Gandhi did not believe in violence).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

    Hello again, everyone! \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0932\u094b\u0917\/phir se namaste sab log or, as my Portuguese-speaking friends would say it, Ol\u00e1 de novo gente! That’s right, this week’s blog will be a continuation of where we left off last time: a discussion of the history and legacy of the Portuguese in India. If you missed…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":140,"featured_media":6259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3792,1],"tags":[475579,309353,475520,238697,475580,475571],"class_list":["post-6208","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hindi-language","category-uncategorized","tag-colonial-india","tag-hindi-language","tag-hindi-words-and-phrases","tag-learning-hindi","tag-portuguese-history","tag-portuguese-in-india"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/140"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6208"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6262,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6208\/revisions\/6262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}