{"id":6944,"date":"2018-01-08T22:57:56","date_gmt":"2018-01-08T22:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=6944"},"modified":"2018-01-12T22:04:43","modified_gmt":"2018-01-12T22:04:43","slug":"mahadevi-varma-revisited","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/mahadevi-varma-revisited\/","title":{"rendered":"Mahadevi Varma, Revisited"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e, \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u093f, \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e (\u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/a>) \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u091c \u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u201c\u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u201d (Glimpses of the Past)<\/em> \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

“Water,” a film by Deepa Mehta, depicts the struggles of widows in orthodox Hindu society; its protagonist is a child widow. Image by Global X on Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c, “\u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930,” \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a \u0932\u0940\u0902 \u0964 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (autobiographical) \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u201c\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u201d (literary) \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u201c\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 : \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u0964 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0925\u0940 (\u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u091c\u0915\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0942\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0916\u0942\u092c \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u201c\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u201d (\u092f\u093e \u201cchaste\u201d) \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u00a0\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u00a0<\/span>\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0942\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u094c\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0914\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0947 \u0914\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0926 (\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940\u00a0\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span>) \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0915 (narrator) \u201c\u092d\u093e\u092d\u0940\u201d \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u2212\u2212\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f-\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0920 \u091c\u0940 (tradesman) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940, \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0939 (\u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0936\u094c\u0939\u0930) \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0930 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0964<\/p>\n

“\u092d\u093e\u092d\u0940\/Bhaabhi” (“Sister-in-law”)<\/h2>\n

*More specifically, a “bhabhi” denotes an elder brother’s wife.<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0940\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0927\u0941\u0901\u0927\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/u><\/strong> \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0941\u0923-\u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

Even after the passage of so many years\u2013\u2013amidst the ever-thickening haze of the past\u2019s day to day\u2013\u2013my memory\u2013\u2013drawing that kind and delicate face, line by line\u2013\u2013not only sketches its outlines, but animates it before my eyes.<\/p>\n

\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u0916\u0940<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u0932\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0932\u093e\u091f, \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u094c\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940\u00a0\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/u><\/strong> \u092a\u0932\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u092c\u0921\u092c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908-\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091b\u092a\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0901\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0913\u0920 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0927\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0964<\/p>\n

In comparison to her small, round face, her forehead seemed a bit too wide\u2013\u2013although her fate (1) was restricted on either side by two black, dry strands of tangled hair\u2013\u2013her eyes, as if attempting to shut inside themselves childhood and adulthood at once\u2013\u2013with eyelids weighed down by long lashes and, in their shadow, those eyes, brimming with tears. Even for that small face, her straight nose seemed rather small\u2013\u2013and, as if taken aback by the laughter imprinted above them, lips that remained somewhat open. With the flow of time, her face may be completely faded, but cannot be washed away.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

A widow in Varanasi\/Benares, Uttar Pradesh, where many Hindu widows and other spiritual people go to be purified by the sacred Ganges\/Ganga; image by Ramesh SA on Flickr, licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0909\u091c\u0932\u0947-\u092e\u0948\u0932\u0947<\/strong>, \u0938\u0939\u091c-\u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u092e\u0932\u093f\u0928<\/strong>\u00a0\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0901\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0932\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932, \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0925\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0901\u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u093e\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094b\u091d \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925-\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932, \u0930\u0942\u0916\u0940<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094c\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0915\u093f\u0924-\u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u091c \u0938\u0941\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f-\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0909\u0901\u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u091f\u092e\u0948\u0932\u0947<\/strong>\u00a0\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0930-\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u092d\u0941\u0932\u093e\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902!<\/p>\n

Because of all the housework she performed\u2013\u2013tasks both clean and dirty, simple and difficult\u2013\u2013her palms were as if entangled in a latticework of filth\u2013\u2013soft in places, rough in others, they seemed as if attempting to hide what remained of their tenderness\u2013\u2013compared to her lusterless nails, which were encrusted with black lines, even her thin fingers seemed a bit too heavy, they appeared helpless and weak even to support the burden of her hands\u2013\u2013her arms, rough but fair-skinned\u2013\u2013even wearied by the fullness of her skirt (2), her small feet, with their long, thin toes, still gave the appearance of a natural softness\u2013\u2013those feet, whose ankles seemed as if painted with lines of earth-colored lac (3) from the dirt of the courtyard\u2013\u2013how can such memories be forgotten!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Signs of a married woman or a woman soon to be married often include henna (mehendi), colorful and intricate bangles, toe rings and other jewelry, sindoor (vermillion applied to the parting of the hair), mangalsutra (a necklace worn specifically to denote marriage) and colorful clothing (a red sari is typical for the wedding ceremony). Widows in orthodox society are denied bangles and many or all of the other accoutrements that married women wear and are encouraged to don white clothing. Image by Dahon on Flickr, licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0909\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u091d\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/u><\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0927 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930 \u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947, \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0926\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092c\u094b\u0927 \u0905\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092c \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0925\u0940\u0902; \u0915\u0926\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928-\u0938\u0941\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u0935\u0927\u0942 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0964<\/p>\n

Who knows how many times in my childhood those hands untangled and braided my snarled hair with such tenderness. Who knows how many times those legs, forgetting their studied gravity, ran from one end of the courtyard to the other to open the door for me. It is now difficult to explain how my ignorant, eight-year-old mind attached to her the relationship of \u201cBhabhi.\u201d I had many classmates who had numerous decent bhabhis; perhaps, listening to their discussions, my mind, which had never even conceived of something so remote as a \u201cBhabhi,\u201d had invented this lack of one, which could only be dispelled by that widowed daughter-in-law of a Marwari (4) family.<\/p>\n

Notes:<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. “Fate”: here, I translated “\u0932\u0932\u093e\u091f\/lalaat” as fate rather than its alternative meaning, forehead or brow, to give emphasis to the fact that, at least in North India, Hindus often consider one’s fate or destiny to be inscribed on one’s brow, signifying that it is in plain sight for the discerning eye to analyze and that it cannot be changed.<\/li>\n
  2. “Skirt”: the original states that she wears a “\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e\/Marwari lehengaa,” which is a type of traditional dress that involves a blouse, a dupatta or veil for modesty and a long, heavy skirt.<\/li>\n
  3. “Lac”: this is a red substance that married women use to decorate their feet. It is ironic in this context as this young woman, who will forever remain a widow, has streaks of dirt on her feet that resemble the adornments married women wear, which are now forbidden to her.<\/li>\n
  4. “Marwari”: refers to a caste that hails from Rajasthan (in the \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\/Marwar region) and is usually wealthy and involved in some form of trade or business.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Food for Thought:<\/h2>\n

    You’ll notice that I underlined certain words in the story above\u2013\u2013why do you think Mahadevi ji used these words so often throughout her story? What significance do they have? What kind of picture do they paint of “Bhabhi” and her life as well as the perspective of the narrator?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

    \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e, \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u093f, \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e (\u0906\u092a \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901) \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":140,"featured_media":6953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3792,1],"tags":[475689,475691,475690,475688,9410,475520,238697,475525,207263,475686,298536],"class_list":["post-6944","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hindi-language","category-uncategorized","tag-ateet-ke-chalchitra","tag-bhabhi","tag-child-widows","tag-glimpses-of-the-past","tag-hindi-literature","tag-hindi-words-and-phrases","tag-learning-hindi","tag-mahadevi-varma","tag-memory","tag-reminiscences","tag-short-story"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/140"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6944"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6957,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6944\/revisions\/6957"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}