{"id":7138,"date":"2018-02-13T21:38:57","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T21:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=7138"},"modified":"2018-02-14T02:25:11","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T02:25:11","slug":"hindi-vaale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/hindi-vaale\/","title":{"rendered":"HindiVAALE!"},"content":{"rendered":"

While learning Hindi, you may have noticed the ubiquitous presence of the vaala\/vaale\/vaali (\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940) suffixes\u2013\u2013by the way, a suffix is any word or particle that comes AFTER another word and changes its meaning. From Merchant and Ivory’s film Shakespeare-Wallah<\/em> (or “Vala”) to the chaivaala (\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e) on the street corner who brews up just what you need to get you through the afternoon, “vaala\/vaale\/vaalis” are everywhere. One of the many wonderful things about Hindi is that it contains in its repertoire a plethora of particles and short words that can convey subtle shades of meaning quite simply, even for new learners.<\/p>\n

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Image by Shabbir Siraj on Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

With all languages that have gender, including Hindi, it is important to be mindful of the masculine or feminine designations of nouns and pronouns in a sentence. The gender (masculine singular: vaala\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, masculine plural: vaale\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, feminine singular and plural: vaali\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940) of the noun that the “vaala” suffix is modifying will dictate which gender designation you apply to this suffix.<\/p>\n

Let’s learn through a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0902, \u091a\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947* \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u091c \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Parson, chaayvaale ne mujhe kahaa ki aaj voh apni behen ki shaadi ke liye apne gaav jaa rahaa hai)<\/p>\n

The day before yesterday, the tea-maker told me that he is going to his village today for his sister\u2019s wedding.<\/em><\/p>\n

*Vaala\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e here indicates someone whose profession is to make tea and could mean \u201ctea-maker\u201d or \u201ctea-man\u201d in English. Adding \u201cvaala\u201d to the noun \u201cchai\u201d here is just a simple way of conveying that this person makes tea for a living.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947* \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Kuch Hindi-vaale chahte hain ki Hindi India ki rashtra-bhaashaa ban jaaye)<\/p>\n

Some Hindi (speaking) people want Hindi to become India\u2019s national language.<\/em><\/p>\n

*Here, vaale\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 (identifying a large group of people, so masculine plural is the default gender) does not identify a profession so much as a group of people ASSOCIATED with Hindi or, as we would say in English, Hindi-speaking people. But, instead of saying the much longer \u201c\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u201d we can simply say \u201c\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\u201d and convey the same meaning!<\/p>\n

\u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e* \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Aisa lagtaa hai ki mausam badalnevaala hai)<\/p>\n

It seems that the weather is about to change.<\/em><\/p>\n

*Another amazing usage of \u201cvaala\/vaale\/vaali\u201d is to convey the sense of \u201cabout to.\u201d For this usage, you merely use the infinitive verb (in this case, badalna\/\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e or \u201cto change\u201d), change its final \u201ca\u201d to an \u201ce\u201d to convey the oblique case and add a \u201cvaala\/vaale\/vaali\u201d to the end to match the gender and number of the you are modifying the masculine, singular noun \u201cmausam\/\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u201d)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

An auto-rickshaw or simply “auto” in Agra, Uttar Pradesh; image by Lian Chang on Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947* \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Rikshevaale hameshaa videshiyon se bahut zyaadaa paisa maangte hain)<\/p>\n

Rickshaw drivers always demand way too much money from foreigners.<\/em><\/p>\n

*Again, this is a usage of \u201cvaala\u201d that connotes someone associated with or performing a particular profession, as in \u201crickshaw drivers.\u201d Usually when nouns (such as \u201crickshaw\u201d here) end in a long -aa sound, you change them to an \u2013e to reflect the oblique case and then add the \u201cvaala,\u201d changed according to the number and gender of the noun you\u2019re describing (rickshaw drivers here are masculine, plural so therefore vala changes to a similarly masculine plural \u201cvaale\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u0918\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940* \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Ghar saaf karne vaali mahilaa mahine ke pehle din apnaa paisaa chahti hai)<\/p>\n

The lady who cleans the house wants her money on the first (day) of the month.<\/em><\/p>\n

*This is, again, a description of someone who performs a profession. This can be translated into English as \u201cthe cleaning lady\u201d or \u201cthe lady who cleans the house,\u201d more literally, but it is a bit wordier and more complicated than the Hindi, which specifies exactly what you want to say: \u0918\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940\/ghar saaf karne vaali; you don\u2019t even need to add \u201c\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\/mahilaa\u201d or lady. If you had more than one cleaning lady, for example, you would still say \u201c\u0918\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940\u201d because the feminine singular and plural of \u201cvaala\u201d is the same.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947* (\u0932\u094b\u0917) \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Kuch log kehte hain ki Dillivaale (log) hameshaa bahut vyast rehte hain)<\/p>\n

Some people say that Delhites (people from Delhi) always stay very busy\/are always very busy. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

*This is a usage of \u201cvaala\u201d that is also very common in which \u201cvaala\u201d is attached to the name of a place (in this case the capital of India, sometimes known as \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940\/Dilli or \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940\/Nayi Dilli) and the suffix changes to match the gender and number of the noun it is modifying (in this case, the unsaid word \u201c\u0932\u094b\u0917\/log\u201d or people, which is masculine plural). Another way to use this would be to ask someone, \u0906\u092a \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\/\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b?, which translates roughly to \u201cWhere do you live\/where are you from?\u201d in which, again, you have an infinitive verb (\u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e\/rehnaa=to live or stay) whose ending \u2013aa is transformed to an \u2013e to reflect the oblique case and to which a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e is added at the end and changed to reflect the gender\/number of the person\/people you are addressing.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

A tailor or “darzi” working at his craft in Delhi; image by flowcomm on Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940* (\u0915\u092e\u0940\u091c\u093c) \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/h3>\n

(Maine dukaandaar se kahaa ki mujhe chotivaali kameez chahiye)<\/p>\n

I told the shopkeeper that I want the small shirt\/tunic.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

*In this final usage of \u201cvaala\u201d we have this suffix affixed to an adjective (\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940\/choti or small) to mean something like \u201cthe small one.\u201d In this usage, you do not even need to use the word \u201c\u0915\u092e\u0940\u091c\u093c\/kameez\u201d unless the person to whom you\u2019re speaking really doesn\u2019t know what you\u2019re referring to. Usually, just saying \u201cthe small one\u201d (\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940) is enough with both the adjective and \u201cvaala\u201d changed to reflect the number and gender of the noun being referred to (in this case, the feminine singular \u0915\u092e\u0940\u091c\u093c or shirt\/tunic).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

While learning Hindi, you may have noticed the ubiquitous presence of the vaala\/vaale\/vaali (\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\/\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940) suffixes\u2013\u2013by the way, a suffix is any word or particle that comes AFTER another word and changes its meaning. From Merchant and Ivory’s film Shakespeare-Wallah (or “Vala”) to the chaivaala (\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e) on the street corner who brews up just what you…<\/p>\n

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