{"id":8199,"date":"2018-09-30T20:46:35","date_gmt":"2018-09-30T20:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/?p=8199"},"modified":"2018-09-30T23:27:19","modified_gmt":"2018-09-30T23:27:19","slug":"improve-your-hindi-vocabulary-prefixes-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/hindi\/improve-your-hindi-vocabulary-prefixes-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Improve Your Hindi Vocabulary: Prefixes, Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you’re just catching up with this blog series on prefixes, take a moment to review my first blog in the series here<\/a>. Learning prefixes, or particles that appear at the beginning of a word to change its meaning slightly, can be enormously helpful if you are trying to expand your vocabulary in Hindi. Rather than memorizing an endless amount of flashcards, you can structure your learning process better by knowing and understanding the numerous prefixes that the Hindi language contains. This way, you can guess the meanings of words you run into in the future through the elements of which the word is composed.<\/p>\n

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Image by Infinite Eyes on Flickr; licensed under CC0 1.0, public domain. Shiva and Parvati are sometimes known as \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935 (the great god) and \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 (the great goddess), words that are formed from the prefix “\u092e\u0939\u093e” and the words for god and goddess: \u0926\u0947\u0935 and \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930 \/ gair<\/h3>\n

Unlike many of the prefixes I discussed last time, this prefix is not from Sanskrit, but Persian (\u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>). This prefix is a bit like “un-” in English (unqualified, unincorporated, unselfish, etc.) because it signifies the lack or absence of a certain quality. In fact, this prefix can be likened not only to “un-” in English, but also to “non-” (non-denominational), “in-” (inanimate), “anti-” (antithetical) and “de-” (deduct). As you can see, it possesses many possible meanings, so the easiest way to learn it is through examples and remembering that it generally denotes the absence of a quality. This prefix can be found in words such as the following: \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930-\u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c<\/strong> (un<\/strong>just; that is, the absence<\/strong> of justice), \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940<\/strong> (un<\/strong>lawful, il<\/strong>legal; that is, the absence<\/strong> of what is legal), \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/strong> (not responsible, ir<\/strong>responsible; the absence<\/strong> of responsibility) and \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930\u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940<\/strong> (out of the ordinary; the absence<\/strong> of the ordinary).<\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0926 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930\u092e\u0941\u092e\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e; \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0964\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d \/ dur<\/h3>\n

\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d \/dur<\/strong> is an important prefix from Sanskrit that forms many words in Hindi. Its meanings include “bad, wrong, evil and wicked.” As you can see, this prefix carries a very negative connotation and thus must be used wisely. Some words containing this prefix are the following: \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e<\/strong> (accident or incident, sometimes violent; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d=negative, bad + \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e, an event), \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0936\u093e<\/strong> (plight or misery; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d=negative + \u0926\u0936\u093e=condition or state), \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932<\/strong> (weak, frail, powerless; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d=negative + \u092c\u0932=strength; in this case, \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d can also mean a deficiency of some kind) and \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong> (misfortune; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d=negative + \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f=fortune or fate).<\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0908 \u0914\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u091c\u093c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u0940 \u0964\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u092a\u0930\u093f \/ pari<\/h3>\n

Another extremely important prefix from Sanskrit, \u092a\u0930\u093f\/pari<\/strong> can be found in numerous words and is thus very useful for the Hindi student hoping to expand his or her vocabulary. Its meanings are various but, as you’ll see, it is fairly simple to understand its meaning through examples. \u092a\u0930\u093f\/pari connotes “around, abundantly, from\/away from and according to.” Some examples of words in which this prefix can be found are the following: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong> (definition; literally: according to or \u092a\u0930\u093f and “language,” so a definition is something that is derived from language itself), \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong> (acquaintance with\/knowledge or experience of something), \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e<\/strong> (change, transformation, conclusion) and \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong> (change, exchange, transformation). Just remember that when you see \u092a\u0930\u093f at the beginning of a word, depending on the word following it, it could mean “close to or relevant to something” (as in “around”), an abundant quantity or extent, away from something (the opposite of the first meaning) or “according to” (like \u0905\u0928\u0941, which I discussed in my previous blog).<\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930, \u0905\u0926\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0902; \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0964\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u092c\u0947 \/ be<\/h3>\n

\u092c\u0947\/be may just be one of the single most useful prefixes you can find in the Hindi language. You will find so many different words with this prefix that you will quickly become acquainted with its connotations. This prefix, like some of the others I’ve discussed, is also from Persian (\u0628\u06cc) and therefore combines only with other Persian words to create new words (and meanings) – just as Sanskrit prefixes combine only with other Sanskrit words and suffixes to create new words. Its meanings include a lack or absence of a certain quality (like \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930) and its English equivalents are numerous: “in-” (intolerant), “un-” (unobservant), “im-” (impossible), “dis-” (disinterested) and “-less” (careless), so it is a bit more expansive than \u0917\u093c\u0948\u0930. Some words that include this prefix are the following: \u092c\u0947\u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> (dis<\/strong>honest, un<\/strong>trustworthy; that is, a lack\/absence<\/strong> of honesty), \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0948\u0928<\/strong> (un<\/strong>easy, restless<\/strong>; a lack<\/strong> of peace), \u092c\u0947\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942<\/strong> (powerless<\/strong>, beyond one’s power or control; a lack<\/strong> of control or power over something\/someone) and \u092c\u0947<\/strong>\u0918\u0930 (homeless<\/strong>; lack<\/strong> of a home).<\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0916\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0948 ; \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u092e\u0939\u093e \/ mahaa<\/h3>\n

To end, “\u092e\u0939\u093e”<\/strong> is an important Sanskrit prefix that you are no doubt familiar with, as it appears in numerous words. It means “great, mighty or venerable” and denotes a quality of eminence or respect endowed to the person it describes. Some examples of this prefix in Hindi words include the following: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f<\/strong> (“great poem”; a specific type of poetry that is often wide-ranging in its subject matter and written in formal language), \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/strong> (a title of Gandhi\/\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940, this word connotes a person of noble nature, lit. “high-souled”), \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/strong> (great king, emperor), \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/strong> (great queen, empress) and \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong> (plague, epidemic).<\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0936\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

If you’re just catching up with this blog series on prefixes, take a moment to review my first blog in the series here. Learning prefixes, or particles that appear at the beginning of a word to change its meaning slightly, can be enormously helpful if you are trying to expand your vocabulary in Hindi. Rather…<\/p>\n

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