{"id":2455,"date":"2017-02-28T23:29:30","date_gmt":"2017-03-01T04:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/?p=2455"},"modified":"2017-03-03T04:59:09","modified_gmt":"2017-03-03T09:59:09","slug":"independent-verbs-ber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/independent-verbs-ber\/","title":{"rendered":"Independent Verbs Prefix Ber-"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prefix \u201cber\u2013\u201d is often called a verbal prefix. This is because most of the words with this prefix are verbs, even though they may be derived from nouns, verbs, adjectives or numbers. \u201cber\u2013\u201d verbs are intransitive.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>The meaning of the verbs will be based on the group\u00a0they belong to.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n1.<\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2.<\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Prefix \u201cBer- + \u2026\u201d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n3.<\/td>\nAdjective<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n4.<\/td>\nNumeral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

BER- + VERB<\/strong><\/p>\n

To do\u00a0what the base word indicates<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Some ber<\/strong>– verbs have verbal bases. It is difficult to assign a meaning to ber-<\/strong> with such bases other than that its presence is necessary to produce a well-formed verb, and to do what the base words indicate.<\/p>\n

Jalan \u2013 berjalan<\/strong> \u2013 to walk<\/p>\n

Gerak \u2013 bergerak<\/strong> \u2013 to move<\/p>\n

Kumpul \u2013 berkumpul<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 to assemble<\/p>\n

Kunjung \u2013 berkunjung<\/strong> \u2013 to pay a visit<\/p>\n

Kerja* \u2013 bekerja<\/strong> \u2013 to work<\/p>\n

Kelahi \u2013 berkelahi\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 to fight<\/p>\n

Main \u00a0\u2013 bermain<\/strong> \u2013 to play<\/p>\n

Ajar* \u2013 belajar<\/strong> \u2013 to study<\/p>\n

Lari*** \u2013 berlari<\/strong> \u2013 to run<\/p>\n

Henti \u2013 berhenti<\/strong> \u2013 to stop<\/p>\n

Tanya \u2013 bertanya<\/strong> \u2013 to ask<\/p>\n

Bicara \u2013 berbicara<\/strong> \u2013 to speak\/talk<\/p>\n

Cakap \u2013 bercakap<\/strong> \u2013 to converse<\/p>\n

Pikir \u2013 berpikir<\/strong> \u2013 to think<\/p>\n

Temu \u2013 bertemu<\/strong> \u2013 to meet<\/p>\n

Putar \u2013 berputar<\/strong> \u2013 to turn, spin, rotate<\/p>\n

Renang** \u2013 berenang<\/strong> \u2013 to swim<\/p>\n

Ubah \u2013 berubah<\/strong> \u2013 to change<\/p>\n

Runding** \u2013 berundin<\/strong>g \u2013 to negotiate<\/p>\n

Nyanyi \u2013 bernyanyi<\/strong> \u2013 to sing<\/p>\n

Dagang \u2013 berdagang<\/strong> \u2013 to do business<\/p>\n

Tiup \u2013 bertiup<\/strong> \u2013 to blow<\/p>\n

* and ** <\/strong>This slightly different form is due to sound assimilation.<\/p>\n

*<\/strong>\u201dr\u201d in prefix \u201cber-\u201d<\/strong> is dropped due to the sound assimilation. In belajar<\/strong> it is replaced by \u201cl\u201d.<\/p>\n

***<\/strong>As a reflexive verb, \u201cberlari\u201d<\/strong> cannot be used to say \u201cI run a company\u201d, or \u201cI\u2019ll run you out of town\u201d. It can only mean \u201cto run (oneself)\u201d. This also applies to \u201cberjalan\u201d <\/strong>that can only mean \u201cto walk (oneself)\u201d. It cannot be used to say \u201cI walk the dog\u201d.<\/p>\n

BER- + NOUN<\/strong><\/p>\n

To have what the base word indicates<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The largest group of ber- verbs with the noun bases has a general meaning of \u2018to have or to own\u2019 what the base word indicates. Some of these verbs do not translate well as \u201chave + base \u201c such as berdebu<\/strong> \u2018dusty\u2019 (lit. \u2018have dust\u2019) or berguna<\/strong> \u2018useful\u2019 (\u2018have use\u2019); in such cases the appropriate gloss is provided.<\/p>\n

Guna \u2013 berguna<\/strong> \u2013 useful<\/p>\n

Isi \u2013 berisi<\/strong> \u2013 contain<\/p>\n

Pendapat \u2013 berpendapat<\/strong> \u2013 to have an opinion<\/p>\n

Umur \u2013 berumur<\/strong> \u2013 be aged<\/p>\n

Anak \u2013 beranak<\/strong> \u2013 to have children<\/p>\n

Bau \u2013 berbau<\/strong> \u2013 to have smell<\/p>\n

Rambut \u2013 berambut<\/strong> \u2013 to have hair<\/p>\n

To wear or to use<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

This group includes words pertaining to things we wear (items of clothing) or use (including some vehicles, such as cars and bikes).<\/p>\n

Baju \u2013 berbaju<\/strong> \u2013 to wear attire<\/p>\n

Kacamata \u2013 berkacamata<\/strong> \u2013 to wear glasses<\/p>\n

Sepatu \u2013 bersepatu<\/strong> \u2013 to wear shoes<\/p>\n

Kuda \u2013 berkuda<\/strong> \u2013 to ride a horse<\/p>\n

Perahu \u2013 berperahu<\/strong> \u2013 go by boat<\/p>\n

Mobil \u2013 bermobil<\/strong> \u2013 go by car<\/p>\n

To produce<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Another group of ber-<\/strong> verbs with noun bases mean \u2018produce (base)\u2019. Many of these verbs refer to production of the sound indicated by the base.<\/p>\n

Keringat \u2013 berkeringat<\/strong> \u2013 sweat<\/p>\n

Telur \u2013 bertelur<\/strong> \u2013 lay an egg<\/p>\n

Anak \u2013 beranak<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 give birth<\/p>\n

Buah \u2013 berbuah<\/strong> \u2013 bear fruits<\/p>\n

Kata \u2013 berkata<\/strong> \u2013 say<\/p>\n

Kokok \u2013 berkokok<\/strong> \u2013 crow<\/p>\n

Bunyi \u2013 berbunyi<\/strong> \u2013 make sound<\/p>\n

Cerita \u2013 bercerita<\/strong> \u2013 to tell story<\/p>\n

In a few cases, the noun base attached to the prefix ber- <\/strong>sometimes is a derived word that has affixes in it. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Root
\nword<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
English<\/h6>\n
meaning<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Derived base word<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
English meaning<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Ber + base word<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
English meaning<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pakai<\/td>\nto wear<\/em><\/td>\npakaian<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nclothes, outfit<\/em><\/td>\nberpakaian<\/strong><\/td>\nto wear\/put on outfit<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
duduk<\/td>\nto sit<\/em><\/td>\npen<\/strong><\/span>duduk<\/td>\nresidents, population, inhabitant<\/em><\/td>\nberpenduduk<\/strong><\/td>\nhave a population of, inhabited<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
duduk<\/td>\nto<\/em> sit<\/em><\/td>\nke<\/strong><\/span>dudukan <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nposition<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

berkedudukan<\/strong><\/td>\nto have\/hold position, be located<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
wajib<\/td>\nto be required, must, <\/em><\/td>\nke<\/strong><\/span>wajiban<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nobligation<\/em><\/td>\nberkewajiban<\/strong><\/td>\nhave obligation, be obliged\/obligated<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The word beruang <\/strong>may mean three different things, depending on the base words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Root word<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
English meaning<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Ber + word<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n
\n
English meaning<\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 uang <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ruang<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 beruang<\/strong><\/td>\n

money<\/em><\/p>\n

room<\/em><\/p>\n

bear (animal)<\/em><\/td>\n

\u00a0\u00a0ber + uang<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 be(r) + ruang*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 beruang<\/strong><\/td>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to have money, be rich<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to have room (<\/em>for <\/em>\u00a0house, building)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0bear (animal)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>*<\/strong>\u201dr\u201d in prefix ber<\/strong> is dropped due to the sound assimilation.<\/p>\n

It is important to know that the first two beruang<\/strong> are grammatically correct but not often or rarely used in daily conversation. So, intead of saying \u201cDia beruang banyak\u201d (He has a lot of money<\/em>), people normally say \u201cDia punya banyak uang\u201d<\/em> or \u201cDia kaya (rich)\u201d. <\/em>Similarly, people will say \u201cGedung itu ruangnya kecil\u201d<\/em> or \u201cGedung itu punya ruang kecil\u201d<\/strong> rather than \u201cGedung itu beruang<\/em> kecil\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

The extended function of ber-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The application of ber- to a noun gives an extended meaning, beyond owning, using, wearing or producing. The function of ber<\/strong> is to transform a noun into an intransitive verb. In other words ber is an intransitive verb-maker.<\/p>\n

demonstrasi (n.) demonstration<\/em><\/p>\n

berdemonstrasi<\/strong> to engage in a demonstration (lit.: to have a demonstration)<\/em><\/p>\n

Kemarin banyak orang berdemonstrasi<\/strong> di lapangan Trafalgar.<\/p>\n

Yesterday lots of people demonstrated<\/strong> in Trafalgar square.<\/em><\/p>\n

usaha (n.) effort<\/em><\/p>\n

berusaha<\/strong> (v.i.) to try\/to attempt (lit. : to have an effort<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Pemerintah sudah berusaha<\/strong> keras, tapi harga-harga tetap naik.<\/p>\n

The government has made serious efforts<\/strong>, but prices continue to rise.<\/em><\/p>\n

hasil (n.) result<\/em><\/p>\n

berhasil<\/strong> to succed in (lit.: to have a result)<\/em><\/p>\n

Sebegitu jauh pemerintah belum berhasil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

So far the government hasn\u2019t been successful<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n

janji (n.) a promise<\/em><\/p>\n

berjanji<\/strong> (v.i.) to promise<\/em><\/p>\n

Perdana Menteri berjanji b<\/strong>ahwa tahun ini harga-harga akan turun.<\/p>\n

The Prime Minister promised<\/strong> that this year prices will go down.<\/em><\/p>\n

BER- + ADJECTIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sedih – bersedih<\/strong> – be sad<\/p>\n

Sama – bersama<\/strong> – together<\/p>\n

Gembira – bergembira<\/strong> – be glad<\/p>\n

Bahagia – berbahagia<\/strong> – be happy<\/p>\n

Bahaya – berbahaya<\/strong> – be dangerous<\/p>\n

Keras – berkeras<\/strong> – insist, persist<\/p>\n

Sabar – bersabar<\/strong> – be patient<\/p>\n

Damai – berdamai<\/strong> – make peace, be in peace<\/p>\n

BER-+ NUMERAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

When attached to a cardinal numbers this derive numbers refer to a group:<\/p>\n

Berdua \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>both, two together<\/p>\n

Bertiga \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>all three, three together<\/p>\n

Berenam<\/strong> \u2013 all six, all six together<\/p>\n

However, note the following:<\/p>\n

Bersatu<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 to unite, to be one<\/p>\n

T<\/span>hese forms occur with pronoun but not with nouns.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kami berdua \u2013\u00a0both of us<\/em><\/p>\n

Mereka berempat<\/strong> menghadap atasan mereka.<\/p>\n

The four of<\/strong> them appeared before their boss.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prefix \u201cber\u2013\u201d is often called a verbal prefix. This is because most of the words with this prefix are verbs, even though they may be derived from nouns, verbs, adjectives or numbers. \u201cber\u2013\u201d verbs are intransitive. \u00a0The meaning of the verbs will be based on the group\u00a0they belong to. 1. Verb 2. Noun \u00a0Prefix \u201cBer-…<\/p>\n

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