{"id":3240,"date":"2018-03-29T21:49:53","date_gmt":"2018-03-30T01:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/?p=3240"},"modified":"2018-03-29T21:55:04","modified_gmt":"2018-03-30T01:55:04","slug":"imperatives-in-indonesian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/imperatives-in-indonesian\/","title":{"rendered":"Imperatives in Indonesian"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imperatives are the language forms that we use to tell people to do things. This may mean giving commands, making requests, offering, inviting, urging, or advising. We also use imperatives to tell people not to do something (prohibiting). These are called negative imperatives.<\/p>\n

If the imperative verb is intransitive it has the same form as in a statement. So if it has prefix ber- or meN-<\/strong> this remain.\u00a0 If the verb is transitive the prefix meN<\/strong>– drops.\u00a0 Thus the meN<\/strong>– remains if verbs is intransitive, like ‘menyanyi<\/strong>‘ ‘sing’ (base nyanyi<\/strong>), but drops if the verb is transitive, like buka<\/strong> ‘open’ (which is membuka<\/strong> in a statement)\u00a0*)<\/strong><\/p>\n

*)James Sneddon<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Giving Commands<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Commands using intransitive verbs<\/p>\n

    In intransitive sentences, the form of the verb does not change.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Berdiri!<\/td>\nStand up.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Berangkat besok!<\/td>\nLeave tomorrow.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Membaca dulu, kemudian menulis!<\/td>\nRead first, then write.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Menginap di tempat teman saja!<\/td>\nJust stay the night at one friend\u2019s place.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Pulang jam 10 malam!<\/td>\nGo home at 10.00 PM.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Keluar sekarang!<\/td>\nGo out now.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Commands using transitive verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n

    In transitive sentences, the prefix \u201cme-\u201d is dropped if the object is specific.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Lihat dokumen perjalanan ini!<\/td>\nLook at this travel document.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Buka halaman 15!<\/td>\nOpen page 15.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u00a0How to make Commands more polite and formal<\/strong><\/p>\n

    To make Commands more polite and formal, add different words or part words, such as \u2013 lah<\/strong>, harap<\/strong>, hendaklah<\/strong> or hendaknya<\/strong> and mohon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Using suffix \u2013 lah<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Berhenti!<\/td>\nTo stop ( be stationary)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Berhentilah<\/strong>!<\/td>\nPlease stop.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Menyanyi bersama!<\/td>\nSing together.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Menyanyilah<\/strong> bersama!<\/td>\nPlease sing together.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Mulai sebentar lagi!<\/td>\nStart in a moment.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Mulailah<\/strong> sebentar lagi!<\/td>\nPlease start in a moment.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Tawar ongkos taksinya!<\/td>\nBargain the taxi fare.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tawarlah<\/strong> ongkos taksinya!<\/td>\nPlease bargain the taxi fare.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Using \u201charap<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n

    The use of harap in imperatives means something like \u201c You are expected to do this\u201d, even though it is usually translated into English as \u201cplease\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Harap is usually placed at the beginning of the command, if the addressee is not mentioned. When the addressee is mentioned, harap is usually placed after it.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Antre di sini!<\/td>\nLine up here.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Harap<\/strong> antre di sini!<\/td>\nPlease line up here.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Turis-turis harap<\/strong> antre di sini!<\/td>\nTourists please line up here.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Using \u201chendaklah<\/strong>\u201d or \u201chendaknya<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n

    The word hendak forms a part of the noun kehendak, meaning \u201da will or wish (to do something)\u201d. By itself, without the prefix, it is used to indicate future action; for example, Mereka hendak pergi ke Bali<\/strong> (They are going to go to Bali).<\/p>\n

    When used in Commands, either \u2013 lah<\/strong> or \u2013 nya<\/strong>\u00a0 is attached to it. Because of their very formal nature, hendaklah or hendaknya are not common in everyday spoken Indonesian and are suitable for telling people to do abstract actions.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Hendaklah\/hendaknya hal ini menjadi perhatian kita.<\/td>\nLet this matter become our attention.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Hendaklah\/hendaknya can also be used for reprimanding very formally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Hendaknya Anda mengerti betul peraturan ini.<\/td>\nYou should really understand this regulation.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Using \u201cmohon<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n

    Mohon, which also translates as\u201dplease\u201d, is similar to harap in its formality. However, unlike harap, mohon has a sense of urgency and pleading.<\/p>\n

    Like harap, mohon, can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, to produce a more direct command, or after the mention of the addressee, to make the command a little more indirect.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Balas surel\/email itu!<\/td>\nReply that email.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Mohon balas surel\/email it!<\/td>\nPlease reply that email.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Saya mohon Anda balas surel\/email itu!<\/td>\nLiterally: I ask you to reply that email.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Please reply that email.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Imperatives are the language forms that we use to tell people to do things. This may mean giving commands, making requests, offering, inviting, urging, or advising. We also use imperatives to tell people not to do something (prohibiting). These are called negative imperatives. If the imperative verb is intransitive it has the same form as…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":118,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3240","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/118"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3240"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3245,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240\/revisions\/3245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}