{"id":3419,"date":"2018-09-28T22:57:55","date_gmt":"2018-09-29T02:57:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/?p=3419"},"modified":"2018-09-28T22:57:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-29T02:57:55","slug":"ke-an-circumfix-functioning-as-verb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/ke-an-circumfix-functioning-as-verb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cke-&#8230;-an\u201d circumfix functioning as verb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d circumfix form verbs which have accidental meaning and occasionally have a potential meaning: the subject experiences or is affected by something, and the subject has no control over that condition.<br \/>\nThe application of \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d verbs is very broad and quite difficult for a non-native speaker to produce. In general, the four functions of \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d verbs are as follows:<\/p>\n<p>1. Unfortunate condition<br \/>\n2. Affected by (something or someone)<br \/>\n3. Accidental (replaces ter- prefix in colloquial speech)<br \/>\n4. To get (something or someone)<\/p>\n<p>In some instances, the four functions above are overlapping and the meaning of a \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d word could translate differently depending on the context.<br \/>\nRead the following examples of \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d verb and its function.<\/p>\n<p>Daerah di wilayah Timur Indonesia membutuhkan hujan.  Sudah beberapa bulan daerah-daerah itu <strong>kekeringan<\/strong>.  <strong>unfortunate condition &amp; affected by <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karena hujan terus-menerus selama berhari-hari, beberapa tempat di sekitar kota Jakarta <strong>kebanjiran<\/strong>. &#8211;&gt; <strong>unfortunate condition &amp; affected by<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>Wah! Saya bangun <strong>kesiangan<\/strong>.  Saya harus segera berangkat karena saya tak mau <strong>ketinggalan<\/strong> bis jemputan FSI. &#8211;&gt;<strong> unfortunate condition &amp; affected by<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>Karena kehabisan gula, saya terpaksa minum teh pahit &#8211;&gt; <strong>affected by <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu Dahlia dan Bu Nuning tidak <strong>kebagian<\/strong> oleh-oleh dari Pak Budi karena mereka <strong>kesiangan<\/strong>. &#8211;&gt;<strong> affected by &amp; unfortunate condition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tadi malam saya <strong>kedatangan<\/strong> tamu dari Jakarta &#8211;&gt; to get<\/p>\n<p><strong>Overlapping of \u201cke-&#8230;-an\u201d and \u201cter-\u201d<\/strong><br \/>\nA few words, the product of \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d has the similar meaning of the prefix \u201cter-\u201c.<br \/>\nYel-yel yang diteriakkan oleh pengunjuk rasa <strong>terdengar<\/strong> dari jauh.<br \/>\nYel-yel yang diteriakkan oleh pengunjuk rasa <strong>kedengaran<\/strong> dari jauh.<\/p>\n<p>Asap dari kebakaran hutan menyebabkan matahari tak <strong>terlihat <\/strong>di langit.<br \/>\nAsap dari kebakaran hutan menyebabkan matahari tak <strong>kelihatan<\/strong> di langit.<\/p>\n<p>Aduh, maaf saya lupa menelepon Anda, saya <strong>tertidur<\/strong> tadi malam.<br \/>\nAduh, maaf saya lupa menelepon Anda, saya <strong>ketiduran<\/strong> tadi malam.<\/p>\n<p>Sepertinya kunci rumah saya <strong>tertinggal<\/strong> di kantor, tapi saya tidak yakin.<br \/>\nSepertinya kunci rumah saya <strong>ketinggalan<\/strong> di kantor, tapi saya tidak yakin.<\/p>\n<p>\u2003<br \/>\n<strong>Exception <\/strong><br \/>\nA.\tTwo words<strong> kelihatan<\/strong> and <strong>kedengaran<\/strong> seem to have been formed by analogy. The inconvenient element is gone and their meanings have shifted.<br \/>\nTugu Selamat Datang <strong>kelihatan<\/strong> dari Hotel Indonesia dan Hotel Mandarin.<br \/>\nSelamat Datang monument is visible from Hotel Indonesia and Mandarin Hotel.<\/p>\n<p>Maaf bisakah Anda ulangi, suara Anda tidak <strong>kedengaran<\/strong>.<br \/>\nExcuse me, would you please repeat that, I couldn\u2019t hear you.<\/p>\n<p>B.\t\u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d also means \u201chaving to do with [something]\u201d.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nKerajaan Sriwijaya sangat terkenal, tak hanya di Indonesia tetapi di beberapa negara Asia lainnya. &#8211;&gt; kingdom.<br \/>\nPidato kenegaraan itu disiarkan secara langsung oleh beberapa stasiun televisi. &#8211;&gt; official\/state speech.<br \/>\nDepartemen Ketenagakerjaan melatih calon TKI yang akan berangkat ke luar negeri. &#8211;&gt; department of labor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Grammar Practice<\/strong><br \/>\nIdentify the meaning of \u201cke-&#8230;-an\u201d in the following sentences:<br \/>\n1.\tSaya tak mampu membeli rumah di daerah Washington DC, karena harga rumah-rumah di sana <strong>kemahalan<\/strong>.<br \/>\n2.\t<strong>Kesederhanaan<\/strong> pengusaha kaya raya itu membuat dia menjadi panutan anak buahnya.<br \/>\n3.\tJangan khawatir, setiap <strong>kesulitan<\/strong> pasti ada jalan keluarnya.<br \/>\n4.\tPara calon pegawai diuji pengalaman dan <strong>kemampuan<\/strong> mereka untuk menempati posisi masing-masing.<br \/>\n5.\tApa masakan <strong>kesukaan<\/strong> Anda? Apa Anda suka masakan Padang?<br \/>\n6.\tMasakan Padang <strong>kepedasan<\/strong> untuk saya. Saya lebih suka masakan Jawa Tengah yang lebih manis.<br \/>\n7.\tSetiap hari Pak Joko harus menyetir selama 2 jam  ke kantor. Kantor Pak Joko <strong>kejauhan<\/strong>.<br \/>\n8.\tKarena bangun <strong>kesiangan<\/strong>, saya <strong>ketinggalan <\/strong>pesawat ke Boston. <strong>Kebetulan <\/strong>perusahaan penerbangan bisa menempatkan saya pada penerbangan berikutnya.<br \/>\n9.\tKalau Anda <strong>kehilangan<\/strong> surat-surat penting, segeralah lapor ke RT, RW, kelurahan, kecamatan, dan kepolisian terdekat.<br \/>\n10.\tKami harus meningkatkan keamanan di lingkungan kami karena dalam bulan terakhir ini sudah dua kali  <strong>kecurian<\/strong> di daerah ini.<br \/>\n11.\t<strong>Kedatangan<\/strong> Presiden Obama sangat ditunggu-tunggu oleh masyarakat Indonesia.<br \/>\n12.\tAduh, saya <strong>kelupaan <\/strong>membawa dompet. Apa Ada bisa  meminjam uang kepada saya?<br \/>\n13.\tMaaf bisakah Anda bicara lebih keras? Suara Anda tidak <strong>kedengaran<\/strong>.<br \/>\n14.\tPak Gultom <strong>kelihatan<\/strong> marah waktu dia kalah main catur. Dia tidak bisa terima <strong>kekalahan<\/strong> itu.<br \/>\n15.\tAnak saya ketakutan ditinggal sendiri di rumah. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d circumfix form verbs which have accidental meaning and occasionally have a potential meaning: the subject experiences or is affected by something, and the subject has no control over that condition. The application of \u2018ke-&#8230;-an\u201d verbs is very broad and quite difficult for a non-native speaker to produce. In general, the four functions of&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/ke-an-circumfix-functioning-as-verb\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":118,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3419","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/118"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3419"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3420,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3419\/revisions\/3420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}