Imperatives are the language forms that we use to tell people to do things. This may mean giving commands, making requests, offering, inviting, urging, or advising. We also use imperatives to tell people not to do something (prohibiting). These are called negative imperatives.<\/p>\n
1.\tGiving Commands<\/strong> Membaca dulu, kemudian menulis!\tRead first, then write. Pulang jam 10 malam!\tGo home at 10.00 PM. –\tCommands using transitive verbs \tHow to make Commands more polite and formal<\/strong><\/p>\n To make Commands more polite and formal, add different words or part words, such as \u2013 lah, harap, hendaklah or hendaknya and mohon.<\/p>\n Using suffix \u2013 lah<\/strong> Menyanyi bersama!\tSing together. Mulai sebentar lagi!\tStart in a moment. Tawar ongkos taksinya!\tBargain the taxi fare. Using \u201charap\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n The use of harap in imperatives means something like \u201c You are expected to do this\u201d, even though it is usually translated into English as \u201cplease\u201d. Examples:<\/strong> Using \u201chendaklah\u201d or \u201chendaknya\u201d<\/strong> Examples: Using \u201cmohon\u201d<\/strong> 2.\tMaking requests<\/strong> Minta daftar para penumpang bis.\tCan I have the list of the bus passengers? How to make requests more polite<\/strong> When minta tolong is used, the request is more urgent.<\/strong><\/p>\n Examples: Very formal request<\/strong> 3.\tMaking invitation<\/strong> Examples: To make it more formal, \u201csilakan\u201d <\/strong> Mari saya bawakan tas besarnya.\tHere, let me carry the big bag for you. The second sense of offering is expressed by using silakan. Silakan minum.\tPlease drink. 5.\tGiving advice<\/strong> Sebaiknya Anda tanya kepada dokter Anda.\tIt is best that you ask your doctor. While \u201csebaiknya\u201d is generally used for advising, it can also be used to give a polite command and can be placed either at the beginning of the sentence or after the mention of the addressee. Using \u201cseharusnya\u201d<\/strong> How to say \u201cdo not\u201d<\/strong> Using \u201cdilarang\u201d<\/strong> Grammar Practice<\/strong> Example: Grammar Practice<\/strong><\/p>\n Please translate the following into Indonesian using biar, mari, jangan, tolong<\/p>\n 1.\tDon\u2019t forget to lock all the doors.<\/p>\n 2.\tDon\u2019t smoke in the office.<\/p>\n 3.\tLater before you leave, please water all my plants.<\/p>\n 4.\tLet\u2019s take a rest for a moment, I am tired.<\/p>\n 5.\tWould you please offer the guest tea or coffee.<\/p>\n 6.\tIt\u2019s late already, let\u2019s leave now.<\/p>\n 7.\tLet her finish her cooking, so everybody can eat.<\/p>\n 8.\tDon\u2019t forget to sign the check.<\/p>\n 9.\tLet\u2019s take her home, before it\u2019s too late.<\/p>\n 10.\tLet\u2019s visit the historic place near the museum.<\/p>\n 11.\tWould you please check the message before you go home.<\/p>\n 12.\tDon\u2019t continue this debate until I come back from New York.<\/p>\n 13.\tLet her visit her niece in the hospital later.<\/p>\n 14.\tDon\u2019t walk by yourself at night in this area.<\/p>\n 15.\tDon\u2019t forget to bring your identification card to travel to Jakarta.<\/p>\n 16.\tLet us practice the Indonesian language every day in class.<\/p>\n 17.\tDon\u2019t show these pictures to her yet.<\/p>\n 18.\tLet him use the opportunity, to think a moment.<\/p>\n 19.\tPlease watch the children out side, because I have to cook lunch for them.<\/p>\n 20.\tLet\u2019s wait until the traffic clear up a little bit.<\/p>\n 21.\tLet him finish what he wants to say!<\/p>\n 22.\tLet them gather in the next room.<\/p>\n 23.\tPlease continue this work, because we don\u2019t much time left.<\/p>\n 24.\tLet her finish the Project, so she can do something else.<\/p>\n 25.\tPlease help her with the Indonesian grammar. 27.\tPlease pass the salt and pepper!<\/p>\n 28.\tDon\u2019t forget to check the plane tickets before you go to the airport.<\/p>\n 29.\tLet him visit the website to see the facilities in that hotel.<\/p>\n 30.\tDon\u2019t depend on others when you travel overseas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Imperatives are the language forms that we use to tell people to do things. This may mean giving commands, making requests, offering, inviting, urging, or advising. We also use imperatives to tell people not to do something (prohibiting). These are called negative imperatives. 1. Giving Commands – Commands using intransitive verbs In intransitive sentences, the…<\/p>\n
\n–\tCommands using intransitive verbs
\nIn intransitive sentences, the form of the verb does not change.
\nExamples:
\nBerdiri!\tStand up.
\nBerangkat besok!\tLeave tomorrow.<\/p>\n
\nMenginap di tempat teman saja!\tJust stay the night at one friend\u2019s place.<\/p>\n
\nKeluar sekarang!\tGo out now.<\/p>\n
\nIn transitive sentences, the prefix \u201cme-\u201d is dropped if the object is specific.
\nExamples:
\nLihat dokumen perjalanan ini!\tLook at this travel document.
\nBuka halaman 15!\tOpen page 15.<\/p>\n
\nExamples:
\nBerhenti!\tTo stop ( be stationary)
\nBerhentilah!\tPlease stop.<\/p>\n
\nMenyanyilah bersama!\tPlease sing together.<\/p>\n
\nMulailah sebentar lagi!\tPlease start in a moment.<\/p>\n
\nTawarlah ongkos taksinya!\tPlease bargain the taxi fare.<\/p>\n
\nHarap is usually placed at the beginning of the command, if the addressee is not mentioned. When the addressee is mentioned, harap is usually placed after it.<\/p>\n
\nAntre di sini!\tLine up here.
\nHarap antre di sini!\tPlease line up here.
\nTuris-turis harap antre di sini!\tTourists please line up here.<\/p>\n
\nThe word hendak forms a part of the noun kehendak, meaning \u201da will or wish (to do something)\u201d. By itself, without the prefix, it is used to indicate future action; for example, Mereka hendak pergi ke Bali (They are going to go to Bali).
\nWhen used in Commands, either \u2013 lah or \u2013 nya is attached to it. Because of their very formal nature, hendaklah or hendaknya are not common in everyday spoken Indonesian and are suitable for telling people to do abstract actions.<\/p>\n
\nHendaklah\/hendaknya hal ini menjadi perhatian kita.\tLet this matter become our attention.
\n\tHendaklah\/hendaknya can also be used for reprimanding very formally.
\nHendaknya Anda mengerti betul peraturan ini.\tYou should really understand this regulation.<\/p>\n
\nMohon, which also translates as\u201dplease\u201d, is similar to harap in its formality. However, unlike harap, mohon has a sense of urgency and pleading.
\nLike harap, mohon, can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, to produce a more direct command, or after the mention of the addressee, to make the command a little more indirect.
\nExamples:
\nBalas surel\/email itu!\tReply that email.
\nMohon balas surel\/email it!\tPlease reply that email.
\nSaya mohon Anda balas surel\/email itu!\tLiterally: I ask you to reply that email.
\nPlease reply that email.<\/p>\n
\nUsing \u201cminta\u201d
\nIn Indonesian, the word minta can be used to ask for something. This use of minta in imperatives translates into English as \u201cCan I\/we..?\u201d
\nRequests are not restricted to this word \u201cminta\u201d; other words can be used as well.
\nExamples:<\/p>\n
\nBagi foto-fotonya.\tCan I have a share of photos?
\nKetikkan surat ini,\tCan I have this letter typed?<\/p>\n
\nUsing \u201ctolong\u201d, \u201cminta tolong\u201d
\nRequests can be made more polite by adding the word \u201ctolong (please do something)\u201d, which literally means \u201chelp\u201d.
\nWhen tolong is used, prefix \u201cme-\u201d is dropped.
\nExamples:
\nTolong bantu dia.\tPlease help him\/her.
\nTolong panggilkan taksi.\tPlease call a taxi (for me).<\/p>\n
\nMinta tolong panggilkan polisi.\tPlease help call the police.
\nMinta tolong panggilkan ambulan.\tPlease help call the ambulance.<\/p>\n
\nUsing \u201csudilah (kiranya)\u201d
\nSudilah (kiranya) is used to make very formal and very polite requests to someone in a very high position. These expressions mean\u201d I\/we hope you are willing to do this.\u201d
\nExamples:
\nSudilah (kiranya) bapak Presiden menghadiri pertemuan kami.\tWe hope you, Mr. President, are willing to attend our meeting.<\/p>\n
\nUsing\u201dmari\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMari kita pulang.\tLet\u2019s go home.
\nMari masuk.\tLet\u2019s come in.<\/p>\n
\nExamples:
\nSilakan masuk, Bu.\tPlease come in.
\nSilakan duduk, saya akan panggil Bapak saya.\tPlease sit down; I will call my father.
\n
\n4.\tMaking an offer<\/strong>
\nUsing \u201cmari\u201d and \u201cbiar\u201d
\nOffering can be understood to mean \u201coffering to do something for someone\u201d or \u201coffering something to someone\u201d. \u201cMari\u201d is polite and formal; on the other hand, \u201cbiar\u201d is polite, but neutral in terms of formality.
\nExamples:<\/p>\n
\nBiar ibu saya yang mengantar Andrew ke dokter.\tLet my mother take Andrew to a doctor.<\/p>\n
\nExamples:<\/p>\n
\nSilakan datang dan menginap di rumah kami.\tPlease come and stay overnight in our house.<\/p>\n
\nUsing \u201csebaiknya\u201d
\nSebaliknya means \u201cit is best that\u201d or \u201cyou had better\u201d. This word is polite and formal.
\nExamples:<\/p>\n
\nAnda sebaiknya tanya kepada dokter Anda.\tYou had better ask your dokter.<\/p>\n
\nExamples:
\nSebaiknya dia keluar ruangan rapat itu.\tIt is best that he\/she leave that meeting room.
\nDia sebaiknya keluar ruangan rapat itu.\tHe\/she had better leave that meeting room.<\/p>\n
\nExamples:
\nSaya seharusnya datang lebih awal.\tI should have come earlier.
\nKta seharusnya memberi contoh yang baik kepada anak-anak kita.\tWe ought to set good examples for our children.<\/p>\n
\nUsing \u201cjangan\u201d
\nJangan means \u201cdo not\u201d and is neutral in terms of politeness and formality. When jangan is used, it is optional to keep or drop the prefix me-.
\nExamples:
\nJangan (me-) tilpun ketika menyetir mobil.\tDon\u2019t call\/use your phone when you drive.
\nTolong jangan (mem)baca di tempat yang gelap\tPlease don\u2019t read in the dark.<\/p>\n
\nDilarang means \u201cit is prohibited\u201d. This word is the passive form of the verb melarang (to prohibit) and is used primarily for public notices (official prohibitions).
\nExamples:
\nDilarang masuk.\tDo not enter.
\nDilarang parkir mobil di sini.\tDo not park the car here.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nComplete or respond these sentences below using \u201cJangan\u201d. Use \u201cJangan\u201d construction based on the provided statements.<\/p>\n
\nMakanan ini basi (stale\/spoilt).
\nJangan makan makanan ini!
\n1.\tSaya dengar daerah ini sering ada kejahatan.
\n2.\tKasihan ya, anak bungsunya baru saja meninggal dunia.
\n3.\tDia orangnya pemarah.
\n4.\tJalan di belakang rumah gelap.
\n5.\tTaksi di Jakarta banyak yang tidak aman.
\n6.\tKata orang-orang, banyak barang bermerek yang palsu di pasar ular.
\n7.\tMenurut kabar, resesi ekonomi ini akan berlangsung lama.
\n8.\tSurat elektronik ini sepertinya mengandung virus.
\n9.\tDia sedang serius bekerja dan sepertinya dia punya banyak pekerjaan hari ini.
\n10.\tBanyak perusahaan penerbangan Indonesia kurang memperhatikan keselamatan penumpang.<\/p>\n
\nLet\u2019s cross the street right now, before the traffic light changes to red.
\n26.\tDon\u2019t stay in the house, the heater is not working.<\/p>\n