{"id":474,"date":"2014-12-20T04:16:01","date_gmt":"2014-12-20T09:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/?p=474"},"modified":"2014-12-20T04:21:35","modified_gmt":"2014-12-20T09:21:35","slug":"sentence-structure-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/indonesian\/sentence-structure-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Sentence Structure (Introduction)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Indonesian grammar is similar to English grammar. Generally, a sentence contains a subject, followed by a verb and then an object.<\/p>\n

Verbs are not inflected for person or number. Indonesian does not incorporate tenses. Indicating past or future tense requires auxiliary verbs (time signals), which is very simple.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Subject<\/strong><\/td>\nAuxiliary Verb<\/strong><\/td>\nVerb<\/strong><\/td>\nObject<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nmakaneat<\/em><\/td>\nnasi.rice<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nsudah<\/strong>already<\/em><\/td>\nmakanate<\/em><\/td>\nnasi.rice<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nakan<\/strong>will<\/em><\/td>\nmakaneat<\/em><\/td>\nnasi.rice<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nmau<\/strong>will (colloq.); want<\/td>\nmakaneat<\/em><\/td>\nnasi.rice<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nsedang<\/strong>am<\/em><\/td>\nmakaneating<\/em><\/td>\nnasi.rice<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As you noticed in the examples above, the word \u2018sudah\u2019<\/em> indicates completed actions, the word \u2018akan\u2019<\/em> indicates future actions, and the word \u2018sedang\u2019<\/em> indicates actions in progress. The main word<\/p>\n

itself (i.e. \u2018makan\u2019<\/em> = to eat) is left unchanged.<\/p>\n

There is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning, and to denote active-passive voices. However, prefixes, infixes, suffixes, and combinations may all be ignored in daily conversations.<\/p>\n

Since Indonesian does not have verb tenses like English, it relies more heavily on expressions of time.<\/p>\n

Saying \u201cSaya makan<\/strong>\u201d is grammatically correct, but ambiguous, since it does not have a specific time reference. \u201cSaya makan sekarang<\/strong>\u201d is clearer since it means literally \u201cI eat now<\/strong>\u201d. In Indonesian, you may use either an auxiliary verb or a time expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Subject<\/strong><\/td>\nVerb<\/strong><\/td>\nObject<\/strong><\/td>\nTime Expression<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nmakaneat<\/em><\/td>\nnasirice<\/em><\/td>\nsekarang<\/strong>.now<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nmakaneat<\/em><\/td>\nnasirice<\/em><\/td>\nbesok<\/strong>.tomorrow<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SayaI<\/em><\/td>\nmakanate<\/em><\/td>\nnasirice<\/em><\/td>\nkemarin<\/strong>.yesterday<\/em>.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

EXAMPLES:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

INDONESIAN SENTENCE PATTERN<\/strong><\/p>\n

– KELUARGA SAYA –<\/strong><\/p>\n

(MY FAMILY)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nS<\/strong><\/td>\nV<\/strong><\/td>\nO<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.<\/strong><\/td>\nIni<\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/td>\nanak saya<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nThis<\/em><\/td>\nis<\/em><\/td>\nmy child.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/strong><\/td>\nItu<\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/td>\nanak-anak saya<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nThose<\/em><\/td>\nare<\/em><\/td>\nmy children.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/strong><\/td>\nMereka<\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/td>\norang Amerika.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nThey<\/em><\/td>\nare<\/em><\/td>\nAmericans.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/strong><\/td>\nOrang Amerika itu <\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/td>\ntinggi dan besar.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nThat American <\/em><\/td>\nis<\/em><\/td>\ntall and big.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/strong><\/td>\nMobil dia<\/strong><\/td>\n–<\/strong><\/td>\nmahal<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nHis\/her car<\/em><\/td>\nis<\/em><\/td>\nexpensive.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.<\/strong><\/td>\nKakak laki-laki saya<\/strong><\/td>\ntinggal<\/strong><\/td>\ndi Arlington.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy (older)brother<\/em><\/td>\nlives<\/em><\/td>\nIn Arlington..<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.<\/strong><\/td>\nAnak saya<\/strong><\/td>\nsekolah<\/strong><\/td>\ndi sekolah dasar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy child<\/em><\/td>\ngoes to school<\/em><\/td>\nat elementary school.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.<\/strong><\/td>\nAdik perempuan saya<\/strong><\/td>\nkuliah <\/strong><\/td>\ndi Universitas Georgetown.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy (younger) sister<\/em><\/td>\ngoes to college<\/em><\/td>\nat Georgetown University.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.<\/strong><\/td>\nSuami saya<\/strong><\/td>\nbekerja<\/strong><\/td>\ndi DEPLU<\/strong>(Departemen Luar Negeri).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy husband<\/em><\/td>\nworks<\/em><\/td>\nat the State Department.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.<\/strong><\/td>\nIstri saya <\/strong><\/td>\nbelanja<\/strong><\/td>\nDi Neiman Marcus.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy wife<\/em><\/td>\nshops<\/em><\/td>\nat Neiman Marcus.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/strong><\/td>\nGuru kami <\/strong><\/td>\nbaca<\/strong><\/td>\nWashington Post<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nOur teacher<\/em><\/td>\nreads<\/em><\/td>\nWashington Post.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.<\/strong><\/td>\nKeluarga mereka<\/strong><\/td>\ndatang<\/strong><\/td>\ndari Eropa.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nTheir family<\/em><\/td>\ncomes<\/em><\/td>\nfrom Europe<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13.<\/strong><\/td>\nOrang tua saya<\/strong><\/td>\npunya<\/strong><\/td>\n2 mobil Jepang.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMy parents<\/em><\/td>\nhave<\/em><\/td>\n2 Japanese cars.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14.<\/strong><\/td>\nKita<\/strong><\/td>\nmakan <\/strong><\/td>\nPizza.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nWe<\/em><\/td>\neat<\/em><\/td>\npizza<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
15.<\/strong><\/td>\nDia<\/strong><\/td>\nminum <\/strong><\/td>\nkopi.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nHe\/she<\/em><\/td>\ndrinks<\/em><\/td>\ncoffee<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16.<\/strong><\/td>\nMereka<\/strong><\/td>\nmau datang<\/strong><\/td>\nke rumah saya.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nThey<\/em><\/td>\nwant to come<\/em><\/td>\nto my house.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17.<\/strong><\/td>\nSaya<\/strong><\/td>\nsedang belajar<\/strong><\/td>\nBahasa Indonesia. (sekarang)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nI<\/em><\/td>\nam studying<\/em><\/td>\nIndonesian. (now)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18.<\/strong><\/td>\nKami<\/strong><\/td>\nakan pergi<\/strong><\/td>\nke Indonesia (besok, minggu depan)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nWe<\/em><\/td>\nwill go<\/em><\/td>\nto Jakarta. (tomorrow, next week)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Indonesian grammar is similar to English grammar. Generally, a sentence contains a subject, followed by a verb and then an object. Verbs are not inflected for person or number. Indonesian does not incorporate tenses. Indicating past or future tense requires auxiliary verbs (time signals), which is very simple. Examples: Subject Auxiliary Verb Verb Object SayaI…<\/p>\n

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