Leathan: a, o, u. Caol: e, i.

Remember, broad goes with broad, slender goes with slender. We will see this below.

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1st conjugation endings 

1st Conjugation verbs have one syllable and the endings will be added to the verb.

Some examples of verbs that are 1st conjugation: rith (to run), dún (to close), bris (to break), and fan (to wait).

Slender endings: im, eann, imid

rith – to run

rithim – I run

ritheann tú/sé/sí – you/he/she runs

rithimid – we run

ritheann sibh/siad – you all/they run

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bris – to break

brisim – I break

briseann tú/sé/sí – you/he/she breaks

brisimid – we break

briseann sibh/siad – you all/they break

2nd conjugation endings 

2ns conjugation verbs have two or more syllables. If they end in igh, or aigh, remove those letters, and add the endings from the list below. If they end in il, ir, in, or is, the second syllable is condensed, before adding the appropriate ending.

Some examples of 2nd conjugation verbs are: éirigh (to get up), ceannaigh (to buy), eitil (to fly), freagair (to answer).

Slender endings: ím, íonn, ímid

éirigh – to get up

éirím – I get up

éiríonn tú/sé/sí – you/he/she gets up

éirímid – we get up

éiríonn sibh/siad – you all/they get up

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eitil – to fly

eitlím – I fly

eitlíonn tú/sé/sí – you/he/she flies

eitlímid – we fly

eitlíonn sibh/siad – you all/they fly