{"id":11535,"date":"2021-05-20T21:38:41","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T21:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=11535"},"modified":"2021-05-21T13:15:53","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T13:15:53","slug":"an-aimsir-chaite-the-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/an-aimsir-chaite-the-past-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"An aimsir chaite – The past tense"},"content":{"rendered":"

An aimsir chaite<\/em> – The past tense<\/h3>\n

The past tense is used to denote a single event in the past. In English, we typically add ‘ed’ to the end of the verb to form the past.<\/p>\n

In Irish it is also formed from the verb stem alone, with some additions.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. When the verb begins with a consonant<\/a>, s\u00e9imhi\u00fa1<\/a><\/sup>add an h<\/span><\/span><\/em> the verb.*<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    bris<\/em> (to break)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    bhris m\u00e9 –\u00a0<\/em>I broke<\/p>\n

    bhris t\u00fa – <\/em>you broke<\/p>\n

    bhris s\u00e9\/s\u00ed – <\/em>he\/she broke<\/p>\n

    bhris muid\u00a0 – <\/em>we broke<\/p>\n

    bhris sibh – <\/em>you all broke<\/p>\n

    bhris siad – <\/em>they broke<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    glan<\/em> (to clean)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    ghlan m\u00e9 – <\/em>I cleaned<\/p>\n

    ghlan t\u00fa – <\/em>you cleaned<\/p>\n

    ghlan s\u00e9\/s\u00ed – <\/em>he\/she cleaned<\/p>\n

    ghlan muid – <\/em>we cleaned<\/p>\n

    ghlan sibh – <\/em>you all cleaned<\/p>\n

    ghlan siad – <\/em>they cleaned<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    m\u00ednigh<\/em> (to explain)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh m\u00e9<\/em> – I explained<\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh t\u00fa<\/em> – you explained<\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh s\u00e9\/s\u00ed<\/em> – he\/she explained<\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh muid<\/em>\u00a0– we explained<\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh sibh<\/em> – you all explained<\/p>\n

    mh\u00ednigh siad<\/em>\u00a0– they explained<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    2. When the verb begins with a vowel<\/a>, put a\u00a0d’<\/span>\u00a0before the verb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00f3l<\/em> (to drink)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l m\u00e9<\/em> – I drank<\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l t\u00fa<\/em> – you drank<\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l s\u00e9\/s\u00ed – <\/em>he\/she drank<\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l muid<\/em> – we drank<\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l sibh<\/em> – you all drank<\/p>\n

    d’\u00f3l siad<\/em> – they drank<\/p>\n

    3. When the verb begins with an f<\/span>, put a\u00a0d\u2019<\/span>\u00a0before the verb and aspirate \/\u00a0s\u00e9imhi\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0the verb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    fafraigh<\/em> (t0 ask)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh m\u00e9<\/em> – I asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh t\u00fa<\/em> – you asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh s\u00e9\/s\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0– he\/she asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh muid<\/em> – we asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh sibh<\/em> – you all asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    d’fhiafraigh siad<\/em> – they asked<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u26a0(*Remember that you cannot s\u00e9imhi\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0 words that begin with l, n, r, or sc, sm, sp, st<\/span>)\u26a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    _________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

    \u2049Could you conjugate the following Irish verbs in the past tense in the comments?\u2049<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    cuir<\/em> – to put<\/strong><\/p>\n

    cr\u00edochnaigh<\/em> – to finish<\/strong><\/p>\n

    ceannaigh<\/em> – to buy<\/strong><\/p>\n

    druid<\/em> – to close<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00e9irigh<\/em> – to get up<\/strong><\/p>\n

    amharc ar<\/em> – to look at \/ watch<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00f3l<\/em> – to drink<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00e9ist<\/em> –\u00a0 to listen<\/strong><\/p>\n

    oscail<\/em> – to open<\/strong><\/p>\n

    f\u00e1g<\/em>\u00a0– to leave<\/strong><\/p>\n

    freastail<\/em> – to attend \/ serve<\/strong><\/p>\n

    foghlaim<\/em> – to learn<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    How do we negate verbs in the past tense?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    To negate a past tense verb<\/span>\u00a0in Irish, put\u00a0<\/span>n\u00edor<\/span><\/em> before the verb.<\/span><\/p>\n

    *Do not add a <\/span>d\u2019<\/span><\/span>\u00a0after\u00a0<\/span>n\u00edor<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/p>\n

    chuir m\u00e9<\/em> (I put ) = n\u00edor chuir m\u00e9<\/em> (I did not put)<\/p>\n

    bhris m\u00e9 <\/em>(I broke) = nior bhris m\u00e9 <\/em>(I did not break)<\/p>\n

    d\u2019ol m\u00e9<\/em> (I drank ) = n\u00edor \u00f3l m\u00e9*<\/em> (I did not drink)<\/p>\n

    d\u2019fhan m\u00e9<\/em> (I waited) =\u00a0 n\u00edor fhan m\u00e9*<\/em> (I did not wait)<\/p>\n

    \u2049 Translate the following in the comments: \u2049<\/h3>\n

    n\u00edor\u00a0bh<\/em>ain Baile \u00c1tha Cliath<\/em> = ?<\/p>\n

    n\u00edor\u00a0fh<\/em>oghlaim siad<\/em> = ?<\/p>\n

    n\u00edor cheannaigh muid = ?<\/em><\/p>\n

    n\u00edor \u00e9ist sibh = ?<\/em><\/p>\n

    n\u00edor chuir m\u00e9 = ?<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"

    Photo from Pixabay, CCO.<\/p><\/div>\n